Plants Characteristics of all plants 1 All are

Plants

Characteristics of all plants 1. All are many celled (multi-cellular) 2. Contain chlorophyl/Chloroplasts. Photosynthesis 3. Cell walls.

2 main types of plants (Vascular & nonvascular) 1. Nonvascular • • oldest land plants, evolved first tissues do not transport water very short- need to stay close to water moist environments do not have true roots water is needed for reproduction sperm swims from male to female egg. Ex 1. mosses 2. liverworts Video- Mosses, ferns

Vascular plants Tissues are able to transport water to all parts of the plant. – Plants are able to get taller and farther away from water. – Most plants today are vascular.

• Vascular tissue • Xylem- Transports water from roots to leaves. • Phloem- Transports food(sugar) from leaves to the rest of the plant. • Cambium- makes new xylem & phloem tissue.

• Leaves • Used in photosynthesis • 6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2 6 O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 • Cuticle- Outer layer of the leaf, waxy, water proof & prevents water loss. • Photosynthesis- hyperlink

• Chloroplasts- structure that contains chlorophyl. • Chlorophyl is the dominant green pigment of a plant that is used in photosynthesis. .

Fall • Leaves change color in Fall because chlorophyl breaks down or is reabsorbed by plant. • Pigments that are less dominant become visible. • these colors have been in the leaves all along • We just can't see them in the summer, because they are covered up by the green chlorophyll

• Stomata- Openings on the underside of leaves that allows gas exchange • CO 2 - in O 2 & H 2 O - out • Transpiration – Loss of water through leaves (stomata)

• Deciduous Trees – • Lose leaves in the fall

• Leaf Terminology

• • Nonflowering Vascular Plants Tissues are able to conduct water No flowers Ex – Ferns, Grasses, Gymnosperms

• • • Gymnosperms (“Naked Seeds”) Most are cone bearing tree’s (pine cones) Produce seeds inside of a cone Seeds do not have a seed coat Also called conifers

• • Conifers – Cone bearing plants do not lose leaves in fall (evergreen) Cones – Male soft contains pollen (sperm) Female hard contains eggs (seed)

• Pollination – Wind takes pollen to female cone called pollination • A lot of pollen has to be produced most is wasted. • Ex – Pines, Firs, Cedars, etc.

• Angiosperm – Flowering Plants • Flowers make reproduction more efficient by promoting pollination • Flowers attract pollinators (bees, birds, bat, et) • Not as much pollen is produced or wasted. • Video- Gymnosperms & Angiosperms 2 min

Sepal –Protects budding flower – Base of flower Petals – Attract pollinators Stamens – Male part – produces pollen • Has 2 parts: • 1. Anther – pollen producing sac • 2. Filament

• Pistil – Female part – produces egg’s (3 parts) • 1. ) Stigma 2. ) Style 3. ) Ovary • Stigma – Top sticky for pollen (hair or sap) • Style – Middle part • Ovary – Bottom part – contains eggs

• Pollination – When pollen reaches the stigma (top part of the pistil) • Pollen Tube – Forms after pollination. Tube forms to take sperm from stigma through style and down to the ovary to fertilize eggs.

• Fertilization – • When the sperm reaches the egg and unites with it. • After fertilization a seed forms

Seed – contains 1. )Seed coat 2. )Embryo 3. )Cotyledon • Seed Coat – outer protective coat

Embryo • Embryo – undeveloped plant (baby) • - has 2 parts 1. )Epicotyl 2. ) Hypocotyl • Epicotyl – top part of embryo that forms the leaves • Hypocotyl – forms the root and stem of the embryo • Cotyledon – contains the stored food for the embryo • the embryo uses the food in the cotyledons to grow until it can produce food by photosynthesis

• Dormant – seed not growing Germination – when conditions become suitable for growth and the embryo starts to grow inside a seed. (right amount of water, temp, etc. ) • Video- Life cycle of flowering plants 5 min

Poison Ivy

Poison Ivy • Poison Ivy is a woody shrub or vine with hairy looking roots. • All parts are toxic. • Toxin is an oil. • Causes skin reaction • Reaction can vary in severity from people to people and year to year.

• Treatment • Wash well with soap A. S. A. P. • Change clothes and wash them. • • • Identification 3 divided leaves. Center leaflet is on a longer stem. Leaves alternate on the stem. Mature plants have white waxy berries.

Poison Ivy Spring

Summer

Fall

It creeps

In Vines on tree’s

Where does it grow?

On the Ground

Beach