Plants and Animals Declare Independence 6 41 What

Plants and Animals Declare Independence [6: 41] § What rights did the fictional plants and animals declare? § Why should these “rights” be granted? § Why can’t the plants and animals have freedom from humanity?

§ What rights did the fictional plants and animals declare? Life, habitat, good soil, clean air, pure water § Why should these “rights” be granted? All living things need adequate resources to grow and reproduce § Why can’t the plants and animals have freedom from humanity? All living things need other living things to survive

Essential Question: How are organisms interdependent on the environment and each other?

Standards • S 7 L 4 a. Demonstrate in a food web that matter is transferred from one organism to another and can recycle between organisms and their environment. • S 7 L 4 c. Recognize that changes in environmental conditions can affect the survival of both individuals and entire species. • S 7 L 4 d. Categorize relationships between organisms that are competitive or mutually beneficial.

What is meant by interdependent? Two or more things that depend on each other

Turn to an elbow partner and identify organisms in the food web that are interdependent.

What other factors are all of these organisms dependent upon? Environment

Concepts for Review • Organisms can change over time • Organisms adapt to their environment • What happens if an organism does not adapt? • If organisms do not adapt, then the organism or population can die out (become extinct)

Organisms and the Environment

It’s a Paradox! When Helping Hurts Activity

How is the diagram below similar to the problem with the deer in the activity?

All living things need resources and these resources come from the environment. However, the environment can only support so many organisms.

Populations have periods of growth and decline. The diagram to the right shows some of the factors that can affect populations.

Turn to a partner and discuss the Predator/Prey relationships play a predator/prey relationship based on big role in populations. the graph. As the prey decreases, there is less food for the predator, so they die off. The fewer predators, the easier it is for the prey to reproduce, so their population shoots up. As more food is available, the predator population jumps, until they begin over eating their food supply and the prey decreases, beginning the cycle again. Sunny Meadows Animation

Let’s see some of this in action… Serious Science: Biological Carrying Capacity [4: 34]

There also environmental conditions that can affect the survival of both individuals and entire species. What are some of the environmental conditions that can affect organisms?

Environmental Conditions • Natural events such as earthquakes, fires, storms, and drought • Competition among organisms • Human factors: – Pollution – Land development for roads, industries, homes – Introduction of New Species These environmental conditions can cause a limit on the availability of food, water, shelter, space, etc.

Environmental Conditions: Natural or Man-made Events With a partner, look at the images on the next few slides and identify ways in which these natural or man-made events affect ecosystems.

Mudslide

Mining Spill

Environmental Conditions: Invasive Species [species that is not indigenous or native to an area] Kudzo It’ll Grow on You!

Activities for Conditions that Affect Populations [see resources]

Study Jams: Population Growth

Relationships Between Organisms

Think, Pair, Share Identify different types of relationships that might occur between organisms.

The robin may also have to compete with the flicker bird to get the caterpillar A robin in a meadow finds a caterpillar and swallows it. This is one obvious way organisms in an ecosystem interact

Ants work together to build a nest, collect food, and defend the colony

Organisms both compete and cooperate in an ecosystem.

Use Your Relationship Between Organisms Organizer to Take Notes

One type of relationship between organisms is Predator/Prey.

Predator is an animal that eats another. Prey is an animal that is eaten by a predator.

Predator/Prey Activities [optional]

Another type of relationship is Competition.

In an ecosystem, individual species may compete with one another for resources. For what might these species be competing?

In an ecosystem, competition also occurs between different species. For what might these species be competing?

Sometimes, the survival of one species might depend on another species.

Symbiosis The relationship between individuals of two different species who live together in a close relationship.

Mutualism is a Symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship.

The bees get food (nectar), The relationship between a and the flowers get pollen flower and a bee is an from other flowers carried by example of Mutualism. the bees to make seeds.

Mutualism

Commensalism is a Symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the other is not affected.

The stick to a shark’sa Theremoras relationship between skin, catch andiseat shark and aa ride, remora an leftover scraps from the shark. example of Commensalism. The shark is barely affected.

Parasitism is a Symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the other is harmed.

The attaches to between its host and Thetick relationship a feeds onand its blood. tick a dog The is antick causes poor health and loss of example of Parasitism. production to its host.

With a partner, examine the situations in the next few slides and determine which type of symbiotic relationship is described. Be able to explain your answer.

1. The clownfish feeds on small invertebrates that otherwise have potential to harm the sea anemone, and the fecal matter from the clownfish provides nutrients to the sea anemone.

2. The Banded Mongoose searching for parasites on the skin of a Warthog.

3. An orchid grows on the trunks or branches of trees. The orchids get the light they need as well as nutrients that run down along the tree. As long as the orchids do not grow too heavy, the tree is not affected.

4. Ringworm is a fungal infection that is caused by an organism that lives on the cells of the outer layer of the skin

5. The Atlantic Puffin use burrows for nesting that were made by rabbits.

6. Termites eat wood, but cannot digest it. A single-celled organism lives in its gut and breaks down the wood into digestible parts. The single-celled organisms get a safe place to live, and the termites get a food source.

7. Hermit Crabs use snail shells for shelter once the snail has died.

8. Vampire Bats feed on the blood of mammals.

Symbiotic Relationship Examples 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Commensalism Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism

Symbiosis Activities

Symbiosis Videos o Study Jams: Symbiosis o Basic Symbiosis Video: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=z. TGc. S 7 v Jqbs o Symbiosis Songs [select one]: o https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=1 z. LTw. Qklddc o https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=x. Nm 7 dg 3 Biy U#t=84