PLANTAE KINGDOM NOTES part 6 Plants are autotrophic

PLANTAE KINGDOM NOTES part 6

• Plants are autotrophic (produce their own food), multi-cellular, eukaryotes • Plants store food in the form of starch • Plants cells are surrounded by a cell wall which is made of cellulose

• Plants possess growing regions of activity dividing cells called meristems found at the tips of stems and roots • Auxins are a class of hormone that regulate the growth of plant cells • The phases of a plant life are the sporophyte (2 n) and gametophyte (1 n) stages • Some plants reproduce asexually by a process called vegetative propagation

Leaves are the primary site of photosynthesis • Transpiration is the process in which water and carbon dioxide are lost in leaves through the stomata which are regulated by guard cells • The broad , flat portion of the leaf is the blade which is attached to the stem by a petiole

Compound simple doublecompound

• Taxonomist classify the major groups of plants into DIVISIONS based on whether or not they have vascular tissue

• Nonvascular plants have no true roots, stems, or leaves • Ex: mosses, liverwort

• Vascular plants transport water & mineral from one plant part to another –Seedless plants –Seed plants

• Gymnosperms (naked seed plants) ex: conifers, combs

• Angiosperms (flowering plants) ex: fruit

• Monocots (flowering plants with only one seed leaf) • Dicots (flowering plants with two seed leaves)

Vascular Tissue (transportation) • Xylem – carries water and minerals from the roots to stem • Phloem – transports sugar from leaves to the rest of the plant

Ground Tissue –Parenchyma – storage and food production –Collenchyma – allows cell to grow –Sclerenchyma – provides support and strength of plants • Dermal Tissue – forms the outside coverings of plants

Trophisms • plant movement toward or away from an environmental stimulus. • 5 Types: (away=negative, toward=positive)

• Phototropism –response to light coming from one direction • Hydrotropism – roots respond to water • Gravitotropism – response to gravity • Thigmotropism - growth response to contact with solid object • Chemotropism – plant growth to a chemical

• A flower has two major reproductive structures (SEXUAL reproduction)

• The female reproductive organ or pistil (stigma + style) • The male reproductive organ or stamen (anther + filament) • Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma