Plant Taxonomy Introduction Taxonomy is the science of
- Slides: 42
Plant Taxonomy
Introduction Taxonomy is the science of classifying and identifying plants. Scientific names are necessary because the same common name is used for different plants in different areas of the world. Latin is the language used for scientific classification.
Karl von Linne (1707 -1778) Swedish botanist Developed binomial classification scheme for plants. Uses two Latin words to indicate the genus and the species. Changed his name to the Latin name of Carolus Linnaeus.
Scientific Names The first word is the genus and the second word is the species. If there additional words, they indicate the variety or cultivar.
Genus Plants in the same genus have similar characteristics. Examples: Quercus – Oaks Acer – Maples Pinus – Pines Ilex – Hollies Cornus – Dogwoods Ficus – Figs
Species Plants in the same species consistently produce plants of the same types.
Scientific Classification The broadest category of scientific classification is the Kingdom. Either The Plant or Animal broadest category of the plant kingdom is Division or Phylum.
Scientific Classification Kingdom Phylum/Division Class Order Suborder Family Genus Species
Divisions The four most important divisions of the plant kingdom are…. Thallophites Bryophytes Pteriophytes Spermatophytes
Spermatophytes Includes flowering or seed-bearing plants. The two subdivisions are…. Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Plant Characteristics
Identifying Plants Physical characteristics are used to identify plants which include…. Life Cycle Form Foliage Retention Plant Parts Use & Location
Life Cycle Annuals Plants that complete their life cycle in one year. Biennials Plants that complete their life cycle in two years. Perennials Plants that live more than two years.
Growth Habits Trees Shrubs Vines
Growth Forms Columnar Round Spreading Oval Weeping Pyramidal
Growth Forms Spreading Columnar Weeping
Growth Forms Round Oval Pyramidal
Foliage Retention Deciduous Loses leaves during the dormant season. Evergreen Keeps leaves and remains green year-round.
Plant Parts – Leaf Arrangement Shapes Color Vein Pattern Form – Simple or Compound Margin Surface
Leaf Arrangement – Simple
Leaf Arrangement – Compound
Leaf Shape
Vein Pattern Pinnate Palmate Parallel Dichotomous
Leaf Margin
Leaf Surface • There are 8 common leaf surfaces. Glabrous Scabrous Pubescent Glaucous Villous Rugose Tomentose Glandular
Leaf Surface – Glabrous The surface is smooth, not hairy.
Leaf Surface – Pubescent Short, soft hairs cover the surface.
Leaf Surface – Villous Long, straight hairs cover the surface.
Leaf Surface – Tomentose Covered with wool-like hair.
Leaf Surface – Scabrous Covered with short, prickly hairs.
Leaf Surface – Glaucous Covered with a bluish-white waxy substance.
Leaf Surface – Rugose Surface is wrinkly.
Leaf Surface – Glandular Glands filled with oil or resin cover the surface.
Plant Parts – Flowers Color Shape Size
Plant Parts – Bud & Stem Shape & Color Stem Modifications Thorns Spines Prickles
Plant Parts – Modified Stems Thorn Prickle Spine
Plant Parts – Roots Tap Fibrous Bulb
Plant Parts – Roots Tuberous Root Tap Root Fibrous Root
Plant Parts – Fruit Cones Brambles Nuts (Raspberries) Capsules (Willow) Samara (Maple) (Acorns) Pomes (Apple) Drupes (Peach)
Plant Parts – Fruit Pomes Cones Acorns
Plant Parts – Fruit Samara Drupes Capsules Brambles
Use & Location Not absolute, but helpful. Indoor or outdoor. Altitude Wet or dry Hardiness Zone Sun, partial shade, or shade. Landscape purpose – specimen, border, etc.
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