PLANT STRUCTURE KRT2010 1 The Typical Plant Body

PLANT STRUCTURE KRT-2010 1

The "Typical" Plant Body The Root System n n n Underground (usually) Anchor the plant in the soil Absorb water and nutrients Conduct water and nutrients Food Storage The Shoot System n n n Above ground (usually) Elevates the plant above the soil Many functions including: n n n KRT-2010 photosynthesis reproduction & dispersal food and water conduction 2

The Body of seed plant KRT-2010 3

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Plant Structure A. Classification of Plants 1. Some plants are non-vascular (=bryophytes) 2. Some plants are seedless, vascular plants (e. g. , ferns) 3. Most plants are seed-bearing, vascular plants - gymnosperms (no flowers, e. g. , conifers) - angiosperms (all produce flowers: dicots and monocots) n B. Structure of Flowering Plants (= angiosperms) KRT-2010 6

Angiosperms, flowering plants, are divided into two groups: monocots and dicots KRT-2010 7

Monocots vs. Dicots Monocots Dicots 3's 4's and 5's Parallel Net Scattered Ring Habit Herbaceous + Woody Roots Fibrous Floral Arrangement : Leaf Venation : Vascular bundles Tap root Growth Primary only Primary and Secondary Examples: Grass, Palm, Orchid Oaks, Roses, Sunflowers KRT-2010 8

Monocots have their flower parts in threes or multiples of three; example the tulip and lily (Lilium ). Dicots have their flower parts in fours (or multiples) or fives (or multiples). Examples of some common dicot flowers include the geranium, and citrus. KRT-2010 9

the scattered vascular bundles of the corn stem the ringed array of vascular bundles in this KRT-2010 dicot stem (Medicago). 10

Anatomy Of Monocot Stems A cross section of the stem of corn (Zea mays) showing parenchyma tissue and scattered vascular bundles. The large cells in the vascular bundles are vessels KRT-2010 11

Plant stem KRT-2010 12

Spermatophytes n n Includes flowering or seed-bearing plants. The two subdivisions are…. n n Gymnosperms Angiosperms KRT-2010 13

Plant Characteristics KRT-2010 14

Identifying Plants n Physical characteristics are used to identify plants which include…. n n n Life Cycle Form Foliage Retention Plant Parts Use & Location KRT-2010 15

Life Cycle n Annuals n n one Biennials n n Plants that complete their life cycle in year. Plants that complete their life cycle two years. in Perennials n Plants that live more than two years. KRT-2010 16

Growth Habits n n n Trees Shrubs Vines KRT-2010 17

Growth Forms n n n Columnar Spreading Weeping n n n KRT-2010 Round Oval Pyramidal 18

Growth Forms Spreading Columnar Weeping KRT-2010 19

Growth Forms Round Oval KRT-2010 Pyramidal 20

Foliage Retention n Deciduous n n Loses leaves during the dormant season. Evergreen n Keeps leaves and remains green year-round. KRT-2010 21