Plant Physiology z Plant Functions y 1 capture

Plant Physiology z Plant Functions: y 1. capture energy & assimilate carbon y 2. distribute nutrients & water y 3. grow & develop y 4. respond to the environment y 5. reproduce z Form & Function

Plant Cell smallest functional unit z cell wall z plasma membrane z protoplast z organelles z nucleus/nucleoplasm z cytoplasm z Cytosol (gel)

Plasmalemma Unit Membrane & Fluid Mozaic Models z ______ z Protein z ______ z Phospholipid z _______ z Protein z ______ z fig 1. 17 z Integral, Peripheral y pores, enzyme systems y Glycolipids

Plant Cell smallest functional unit z Nucleus z Genetic Material DNA z Chromosomes z Double Membrane - pores z Nucleolus z -> Ribosome production z (Protein production)

Plant Cell smallest functional unit z Cytoskeleton z 3 -D network z Microtubules z tubulin z Microfilaments z actin z Dynamic -> z Cytoplasmic Streaming z tubulin Actin

Plant Cell smallest functional unit z Mitochondrion z double membrane cover z Cell respiration -> ATPs z glycolysis z Krebs Cycle

Plant Cell smallest functional unit z z Chloroplast z photosynthesis “Endosymbiosis”

Plant Cell smallest functional unit z Plastids z Protoplast -> z fig. 1. 21 z Chloroplast z photosynthesis z Amyloplast z starch storage z Chromoplast z pigment storage

Plant Cell smallest functional unit z Microbodies z Oleosomes - lipid storage; mainly in seeds z 1/2 membrane cover; from smooth ER z Peroxisomes - contain catalase; rid hydrogen peroxide z single layer membrane cover z Glyoxysomes - fatty-acid metabolism z single layer membrane cover z

Plant Cell smallest functional unit z Cell Wall - Primary z - Cellulose Microfibrils - Pectin 35% z z - Glycans (10%) z forms X-linkages z between Microfibrils, z dynamic z z 50%

Plant Cell smallest functional unit z Plasmodesmata z continuation of z plasmalemma z between cells z Desmotubules z continuation of ER z z

Plant Cell smallest functional unit z Primary Pit Field z No secondary CW z z Pits, Pit Pairs

Cells --> Tissues z Parenchyma - photosynthesis; storage z (Chlorenchyma); undifferentiated cells z Collenchyma - support z Sclerenchyma - support z Xylem - (tracheids & vessels) conducting z water & minerals z Phloem - (seive tube elements & z companion cells); conducting organic food in z solution

Cells --> Tissues z Epidermis - protective covering; replaced by z phlellem; (guard cells, cuticle) z Periderm - (Cork or phlellem cells); forms cork z cambium

Plant Development seed --> embryo --> adult plant

Largest Seed Known? ?

Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs) z Meristems z Apical yprimary growth z Lateral ysecondary growth yvascular cambium ycork cambium

Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs) z Root

Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs) z Stem

Monocots vs. Dicots

Leaves Petiole & Blade

Leaves Petiole & Blade