Plant Parts August 2008 What are the parts
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Plant Parts August 2008
What are the parts of a plant? Node: swollen part of stem where buds form (leaves or stems grow here) Cotyledons: leaves formed at first node (cotyledonary node) August 2008
August 2008
What are the parts of a plant? Epicotyl: all of plant formed above cotyledonary node Internode: stem tissue between nodes August 2008
What are the types of stems? 1) Woody Stem: trees, shrubs, woody perennials 2) Grass Stem: hollow or filled 3) Herbaceous Stem: like woody but softer (clover, alfalfa) 4) Modified Stem: August 2008
Types of Modified Stems • Bulbs: (onion) • Tubers: (potato) • Stolons: above ground runner (strawberry) • Rhizomes: below ground runners (field bindweed or creeping jenny) August 2008
What are the functions of stems? 1) transport water, nutrients, sugars 2) support leaves 3) store food August 2008
What are buds? • special tissue on stems that can grow into new plant parts • buds are described according to: August 2008
• 1) structures into which they grow – -Vegetative: leaves or stems – -Floral: flowers – -Mixed: both • 2) where buds appear on stem – -Apical: tips of stems • -if floral = bush • -if vegetative = vine – -Axillary: where leaf joins stem – -Adventitious: near wounds • 3) How buds are arranged August 2008
Bud Arrangements – Alternate (alfalfa) – Opposite (beans) – Whorled (not common) August 2008
What is Apical Dominance? • apical bud tries to make plant grow taller or longer • if we remove apical bud, we remove the apical dominance August 2008
What are leaves? • undergo photosynthesis, exchange gases August 2008
What is the difference between a simple leaf and a compound leaf? • simple leaf = 2 parts (leaf blade and petiole) August 2008
What is the difference between a simple leaf and a compound leaf? • Compound leaf: leaf blade divided into leaflets August 2008
What are the different types of compound leaves? • Palmately compound August 2008
What are the different types of compound leaves? • Pinately compound August 2008
What are the different types of compound leaves? • Trifoliate (alfalfa) August 2008
What is the Hypocotyl? • part of the plant below the cotyledonary node August 2008
What purpose does the hypocotyl serve? 1) anchor plant 2) absorb water & nutrients 3) store food August 2008
What are the types of root systems? -Taproot: one main root, has no nodes – (carrot, evergreen, kochia) -Fibrous root: many nodes, branching root system (grasses) August 2008
To help prevent soil erosion, which root system would be best? • Fibrous August 2008
What are the parts of a grass plant? • Leaves = Sheath is the part of leaf that wraps around the stem • Joints = internodes • Culm = stems August 2008
Grass Plant Parts • Tillers = branches, all branch from the base of the plant • Crown = union of roots and stem • Jointing stage = stems elongate rapidly August 2008
August 2008
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