PLANT NUTRITION Horticulture I RMHS Ag Department Miss
- Slides: 22
PLANT NUTRITION Horticulture I RMHS Ag Department Miss Bly
Macro and Micro Nutrients ◦ Plants require macro and micro nutrients ◦ Macro and micro refer to the relative quantities required ◦ Macro ◦ Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K) ◦ Micro ◦ Boron (B), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Chlorine (Cl), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Molybdenum (Mo) ◦ Absorbed in ionic forms
Plant Nutrients and the Soil ◦ Nutrients are absorbed from the soil ◦ Soil characteristics affect nutrient availability ◦ Texture ◦ Structure ◦ Organic Matter ◦ p. H
Nitrogen (N) ◦ “The Builder” ◦ Component of every amino acid, every protein ◦ Part of chlorophyll ◦ Fertilizers: ◦ Haber- Bosch (N 2 gas + H 2 gas= ammonia) ◦ Organic Sources
Phosphorus (P) ◦ “The Energy Supplier” ◦ Primary component in ATP and NADPH ◦ Part of the DNA/ RNA backbone ◦ Helps capture light in photosynthesis ◦ Important in plant defense ◦ Fertilizers ◦ Bones ◦ Rock Phosphate
Potassium (K) ◦ “The Regulator” ◦ Critical role in enzyme activation ◦ Plays a role in regulating stoma ◦ Also involved in plant defense and responses to extreme temperatures ◦ Fertilizer: ◦ Sedimentary salt beds
Sulfur (S) ◦ “The Synthesizer” ◦ Component of the amino acids methionine and cysteine ◦ Part of enzymes associated with photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis ◦ Fertilizer: ◦ Abundant in the soil ◦ Deep deposits, natural gas, crude oil
Micronutrients ◦ Boron (B) ◦ Growth and development of new cells ◦ Regulate flowering and seed production ◦ Copper (Cu) ◦ Regulates some enzyme systems ◦ Necessary for protein synthesis and nitrogen metabolism
Micronutrients ◦ Manganese (Mn) ◦ Part of several enzyme systems ◦ Role in photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis ◦ Zinc (Zn) ◦ Essential enzyme regulator ◦ Synthesis of protein, starch, and growth hormones
Nutrient Mobility ◦ Nutrients have differing abilities to move within the plant ◦ This can effect where nutrient deficiencies are seen Mobile Variable Immobile N, P, K, Mg, Fe Cu, ZN, S, Mo Ca, B, Mn Older leaves Varies New leaves
Liebig’s Law of the Minimum
Limiting Nutrients ◦ Without fertilization the 3 macronutrients especially N are most often limiting
Nutrient Deficiencies ◦ Many deficiencies have characteristic symptoms ◦ However, many of these symptoms are similar and can have many causes ◦ Examples: ◦ Nitrogen deficiency ◦ Magnesium deficiency (older leaves) ◦ Sulfur deficiency (younger leaves) ◦ Iron deficiency (young leaves) ◦ Manganese (young leaves) ◦ Zinc (young leaves) ◦ Molybdenum ◦ Water logged roots ◦ Damaged or compacted roots ◦ Herbicides ◦ Sulfur Oxide (SO 2) exposure ◦ Ozone injury in some plants
Soil ◦ Every soil is not susceptible to the same nutrient deficiencies ◦ Example: ◦ Sulfur ◦ Coarse- textured soils, low in organic matter are susceptible to sulfur deficiencies ◦ Sulfur is usually in adequate supply in clayey soils or soils high in organic matter
Deficiencies and the Environment ◦ Nitrogen Deficiency ◦ Lower, poorly drained parts of the field/ soil ◦ Heavy rains can leach nitrogen, especially in sandy soils ◦ Phosphorus Deficiency ◦ Dense, compacted soils ◦ Insect damage ◦ Used in defense ◦ Potassium Deficiency ◦ Sandy and wet soils ◦ Compacted soils ◦ Zinc Deficiency ◦ Alkaline and low organic matter soils
Nutrient Toxicity ◦ Less common ◦ Acidic Soils (p. H < 6) ◦ Aluminum ◦ Magnesium ◦ Alkaline Soils (p. H > 7. 5 -8) ◦ Boron ◦ Sodium
Fertilization ◦ Nutrients are removed with crops ◦ “Mining” soil fertility ◦ Remember the 4 R’s ◦ Right Rate ◦ Right Time ◦ Right Place ◦ Right Product
Organic and Inorganic ◦ Organic ◦ ◦ ◦ Lower nutrient content Add organic materials Slower release Less soluble Lower lifecycle impact ◦ Sources: ◦ Manures– dense nutrients, but can leach nitrates and over apply phosphorus ◦ Compost ◦ Inorganic (Synthetic) ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Precise, guaranteed nutrient content Readily available Easy to time Economical to ship Potential for overuse More leaching Higher lifecycle impact ◦ Sources: ◦ Ammonium nitrate (N 2+H 2)
Soil Testing ◦ Multiple samples are required for a good representation of the entire field ◦ Samples are generally sent to a lab for testing
Technology and Nutrient Management ◦ GIS (Geographic Information System) ◦ Analyze maps, make maps, and data ◦ Auto guidance ◦ Remote Steering
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