PLANT NUTRITION Horticulture I RMHS Ag Department Miss

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PLANT NUTRITION Horticulture I RMHS Ag Department Miss Bly

PLANT NUTRITION Horticulture I RMHS Ag Department Miss Bly

Macro and Micro Nutrients ◦ Plants require macro and micro nutrients ◦ Macro and

Macro and Micro Nutrients ◦ Plants require macro and micro nutrients ◦ Macro and micro refer to the relative quantities required ◦ Macro ◦ Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K) ◦ Micro ◦ Boron (B), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Chlorine (Cl), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Molybdenum (Mo) ◦ Absorbed in ionic forms

Plant Nutrients and the Soil ◦ Nutrients are absorbed from the soil ◦ Soil

Plant Nutrients and the Soil ◦ Nutrients are absorbed from the soil ◦ Soil characteristics affect nutrient availability ◦ Texture ◦ Structure ◦ Organic Matter ◦ p. H

Nitrogen (N) ◦ “The Builder” ◦ Component of every amino acid, every protein ◦

Nitrogen (N) ◦ “The Builder” ◦ Component of every amino acid, every protein ◦ Part of chlorophyll ◦ Fertilizers: ◦ Haber- Bosch (N 2 gas + H 2 gas= ammonia) ◦ Organic Sources

Phosphorus (P) ◦ “The Energy Supplier” ◦ Primary component in ATP and NADPH ◦

Phosphorus (P) ◦ “The Energy Supplier” ◦ Primary component in ATP and NADPH ◦ Part of the DNA/ RNA backbone ◦ Helps capture light in photosynthesis ◦ Important in plant defense ◦ Fertilizers ◦ Bones ◦ Rock Phosphate

Potassium (K) ◦ “The Regulator” ◦ Critical role in enzyme activation ◦ Plays a

Potassium (K) ◦ “The Regulator” ◦ Critical role in enzyme activation ◦ Plays a role in regulating stoma ◦ Also involved in plant defense and responses to extreme temperatures ◦ Fertilizer: ◦ Sedimentary salt beds

Sulfur (S) ◦ “The Synthesizer” ◦ Component of the amino acids methionine and cysteine

Sulfur (S) ◦ “The Synthesizer” ◦ Component of the amino acids methionine and cysteine ◦ Part of enzymes associated with photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis ◦ Fertilizer: ◦ Abundant in the soil ◦ Deep deposits, natural gas, crude oil

Micronutrients ◦ Boron (B) ◦ Growth and development of new cells ◦ Regulate flowering

Micronutrients ◦ Boron (B) ◦ Growth and development of new cells ◦ Regulate flowering and seed production ◦ Copper (Cu) ◦ Regulates some enzyme systems ◦ Necessary for protein synthesis and nitrogen metabolism

Micronutrients ◦ Manganese (Mn) ◦ Part of several enzyme systems ◦ Role in photosynthesis

Micronutrients ◦ Manganese (Mn) ◦ Part of several enzyme systems ◦ Role in photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis ◦ Zinc (Zn) ◦ Essential enzyme regulator ◦ Synthesis of protein, starch, and growth hormones

Nutrient Mobility ◦ Nutrients have differing abilities to move within the plant ◦ This

Nutrient Mobility ◦ Nutrients have differing abilities to move within the plant ◦ This can effect where nutrient deficiencies are seen Mobile Variable Immobile N, P, K, Mg, Fe Cu, ZN, S, Mo Ca, B, Mn Older leaves Varies New leaves

Liebig’s Law of the Minimum

Liebig’s Law of the Minimum

Limiting Nutrients ◦ Without fertilization the 3 macronutrients especially N are most often limiting

Limiting Nutrients ◦ Without fertilization the 3 macronutrients especially N are most often limiting

Nutrient Deficiencies ◦ Many deficiencies have characteristic symptoms ◦ However, many of these symptoms

Nutrient Deficiencies ◦ Many deficiencies have characteristic symptoms ◦ However, many of these symptoms are similar and can have many causes ◦ Examples: ◦ Nitrogen deficiency ◦ Magnesium deficiency (older leaves) ◦ Sulfur deficiency (younger leaves) ◦ Iron deficiency (young leaves) ◦ Manganese (young leaves) ◦ Zinc (young leaves) ◦ Molybdenum ◦ Water logged roots ◦ Damaged or compacted roots ◦ Herbicides ◦ Sulfur Oxide (SO 2) exposure ◦ Ozone injury in some plants

Soil ◦ Every soil is not susceptible to the same nutrient deficiencies ◦ Example:

Soil ◦ Every soil is not susceptible to the same nutrient deficiencies ◦ Example: ◦ Sulfur ◦ Coarse- textured soils, low in organic matter are susceptible to sulfur deficiencies ◦ Sulfur is usually in adequate supply in clayey soils or soils high in organic matter

Deficiencies and the Environment ◦ Nitrogen Deficiency ◦ Lower, poorly drained parts of the

Deficiencies and the Environment ◦ Nitrogen Deficiency ◦ Lower, poorly drained parts of the field/ soil ◦ Heavy rains can leach nitrogen, especially in sandy soils ◦ Phosphorus Deficiency ◦ Dense, compacted soils ◦ Insect damage ◦ Used in defense ◦ Potassium Deficiency ◦ Sandy and wet soils ◦ Compacted soils ◦ Zinc Deficiency ◦ Alkaline and low organic matter soils

Nutrient Toxicity ◦ Less common ◦ Acidic Soils (p. H < 6) ◦ Aluminum

Nutrient Toxicity ◦ Less common ◦ Acidic Soils (p. H < 6) ◦ Aluminum ◦ Magnesium ◦ Alkaline Soils (p. H > 7. 5 -8) ◦ Boron ◦ Sodium

Fertilization ◦ Nutrients are removed with crops ◦ “Mining” soil fertility ◦ Remember the

Fertilization ◦ Nutrients are removed with crops ◦ “Mining” soil fertility ◦ Remember the 4 R’s ◦ Right Rate ◦ Right Time ◦ Right Place ◦ Right Product

Organic and Inorganic ◦ Organic ◦ ◦ ◦ Lower nutrient content Add organic materials

Organic and Inorganic ◦ Organic ◦ ◦ ◦ Lower nutrient content Add organic materials Slower release Less soluble Lower lifecycle impact ◦ Sources: ◦ Manures– dense nutrients, but can leach nitrates and over apply phosphorus ◦ Compost ◦ Inorganic (Synthetic) ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Precise, guaranteed nutrient content Readily available Easy to time Economical to ship Potential for overuse More leaching Higher lifecycle impact ◦ Sources: ◦ Ammonium nitrate (N 2+H 2)

Soil Testing ◦ Multiple samples are required for a good representation of the entire

Soil Testing ◦ Multiple samples are required for a good representation of the entire field ◦ Samples are generally sent to a lab for testing

Technology and Nutrient Management ◦ GIS (Geographic Information System) ◦ Analyze maps, make maps,

Technology and Nutrient Management ◦ GIS (Geographic Information System) ◦ Analyze maps, make maps, and data ◦ Auto guidance ◦ Remote Steering