Plant Morphology Michael G Simpson Plant Structure Terms
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Plant Morphology Michael G. Simpson Plant Structure Terms Used for a specific structure/organ
Plant Habit = general form of a plant, encompassing stem duration and branching pattern, development, or texture. Herb - plant with annual above-ground parts Geophyte - perennial herb with rootstock Vine - weak stemmed Liana - woody vine Shrub - woody, multiple stems from base Subshrub - woody just above ground Tree - woody, one trunk
Plant Duration = how long a plant lives. Annual- ≤ 1 year Biennial- 2 years Perennial- 3 or more years
Plant Habitat = environment where plant lives. Terrestrial Aquatic Submersed Floating Emergent Epiphytic Saxicolous
Plant Life Form = structure, life cycle, physiology. Therophyte – annual Geophyte – perennial herb Epiphyte – plant growing on another plant Halophyte – salt-adapted plants Succulent – plant with fleshy leaves or stems Xerophyte – plant living in dry, hot environments
Roots Function - absorption, anchorage Structure - rootcap, root hairs, endodermis Adventitious roots - arise from non-root organ Lateral roots - arise from another root (1˚, 2˚, etc. )
Root Types/Parts taproot fibrous prop haustorial
Root Types/Parts storage roots Raphanus sativus, radish
Root Types/Parts buttress roots Ficus rubiginosa, rusty-leaved fig
Root Types/Parts pneumatophores Avicennia germinans, black mangrove
Root Types/Parts prop roots (also adventitious)
Shoot = stem + associated leaves
Each leaf primordium develops into one leaf. Caryota sp. Arecaceae ca. 20 feet long!
Stem (Shoot) Types areole bulb caudex caudiciform stem
Stem (Shoot) Types cladode corm culm fascicle/ short shoot rhizome
Stem (Shoot) Types scape stolon/runner thorn tiller tendril tuber
Stem (Shoot) Types pachycaul pseudobulb
Stem Habit =relative position of stem (+ growth, structure) prostrate acaulescent cespitose repent arborescent suffrutescent decumbent
Stem Branching Pattern sympodial monopodial dichotomous sympodial
Twig Structure collateral pseudoterminal naked superposed infrapetiolar
Leaf Structural Type bractlets bract phyllode scale spine tendril (leaf) unifacial leaf
Leaf Structural Type Bract (flower) Epicalyx Bud Scale
Leaf Structural Type Phyllode - Acacia spp. (Fabaceae)
Leaf Structural Type Tendril - Lathyrus (Fabaceae)
Leaf Structural Type Stipular Spine - Euphorbia spp. (Euphorbiaceae)
Leaf Structural Type Petiolar Spine - Fouquieria splendens Ocotillo (Fouquieriaceae)
Leaf Structural Type Leaf Spine (arising from areole) - Cactaceae
Sharp things thorn - sharp-pointed stem/shoot (fr. axillary bud) spine - sharp-pointed leaf or leaf part leaf spine (also leaflet spine) stipular spine petiolar spine prickle - sharp pointed epidermal appendage
Leaf Structural Type Pitcher Leaf - Nepenthes (Nepenthac. ) Sarracenia (Sarraceniac. )
Leaf Structural Type Tentacular Leaf - Drosera spp Sundew (Droseraceae)
Leaf Structural Type Trap Leaf - Dionaea muscipula Venus Fly Trap (Droseraceae)
Leaf Structural Type Dionaea muscipula Venus Fly Trap (Droseraceae)
Leaf Structural Type Iris sp. unifacial
Seismonasty Mimosa pudica Fabaceae
Leaf Type / Parts imparipinnate simple pinnately compound paripinnate bipinnately compound
Leaf Type / Parts palmate-ternate pinnate-ternately compound = trifoliolate biternately compound palmately compound
Leaf Type / Parts geminate unifoliolate bigeminate-pinnate costa-palmate
petiolate sessile sheathing decurrent amplexicaul perfoliate connateperfoliate
Leaf Venation
Leaf Venation
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