Plant Growth Development By Johnny M Jessup Agriculture

Plant Growth & Development By: Johnny M. Jessup Agriculture Teacher/FFA Advisor

Introduction • There are 6 plant processes that effect growth which are…. • • • Photosynthesis Respiration Absorption Transpiration Translocation Reproduction

Photosynthesis • • Process by which green plants manufacture food. The beginning of the food chain for all living things on earth.

Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide and water are combined in the presence of light to make sugar and oxygen. • The Formula is…. 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + 672 Kcal C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 • Carbon Dioxide Water Light Glucose Sugar Oxygen

Respiration • • The process through which plant leaves, stems, and roots consume oxygen and give off carbon dioxide. Plants produce much more oxygen through photosynthesis then they use through respiration.

Photosynthesis vs. Respiration

Absorption • The process by which plant roots take in water, air, & nutrients and conduct them to the stem.

Transpiration • The process by which plants roots lose water from leaves and stems through evaporation.

Translocation • • The process by which food and nutrients are moved within a plant from one plant part to another. Water and minerals move from the roots up to the leaves and food moves from the leaves down to the roots.

Translocation

Reproduction • The plant process that increases plant numbers usually from seeds.

Plant Processes • • • Photosynthesis Respiration Absorption Transpiration Translocation Reproduction

Plant Cell Growth

Plant Cells • • Are the basic unit of life. Nucleus and a mass of protoplasm contained with a plasma membrane.

Nucleus • Location of the plant’s genetic and hereditary make-up.

Protoplasm • • The living matter of the cell. The gel matrix inside the cell.

Plasma Membrane • Surrounds protoplasm and allows for exchange of nutrients and gases into and out of the cell.

Cell Wall • The rigid structure that provides support for the cell and thus the whole plant.

Other Cell Structures • • Chloroplasts Vacuole Plastids Mitochondrion

The Plant Cell

Plant Tissue • • A group of cells with similar origin and function. Classified according to their…. • • • Origin Structure Physiology

Origin & Function • Meristematic • • Near the tip of stems and roots where cell division and enlargement occur. Vascular Cambium • Increase growth in diameter of stems.

Structure • Simple • • Usually one type of cell. Complex • Several types of cells.

Simple Tissues • Epidermal • • One-cell thick, outer layer, protects, prevents water loss. Sclerenchyma • Have thickened cell walls and contain fibers to give strength and support to plant structures.

Complex Tissues • Collenchyma • • Have thick cell walls that strengthen and support plant structures. Parenchyma • Fleshy part of plant that stores water and nutrients.

The Asexual Cycle - Vegetative • Growth and development of buds, roots, leaves, and stems.

The Asexual Cycle - Vegetative • Cell elongation • • Stage when cells enlarge. Cell differentiation • Stage when cells specialize.

The Asexual Cycle - Reproductive • Reproductive or flowering • Plant develops flower buds that will develop into…. • • • Flowers Fruits Seeds

Stages of Plant Growth • Juvenile • • Reproductive • • When the plant first starts to grow from a seed. When plant produces flowers, seeds, and fruits. Dormant • When plant rests or grows very little if any.

Growth Hormones • • Plants produce chemical substances called hormones that inhibit or promote growth. Common plant hormones are…. • • Inhibitors Cytokinins Gibberellins Auxins

Inhibitors • Hasten fruit ripening, inhibit or restrain seed germination and stem elongation. STOP

Cytokinins • Hormones that work with auxins to stimulate cell division.

Gibberellins • Hormones that stimulate cell elongation, premature flowering, and breaking of dormancy.

Auxins • Hormones that speed plant growth by stimulating cell enlargement.

Effects of Light, Moisture, Temperature, & Nutrients on Plants

Light • • Necessary because of photosynthesis. Photoperiodism • The response of plants to different amounts of light regarding their flowering and reproduction cycles.

Light • • Insufficient light causes long, slender, spindly stems. Excessive light causes plants to dry out faster.

Moisture • Needed in large amounts because plants tissues are mostly water and…. • • Turgid • • Water carries the nutrients. When a plant is swollen or filled with moisture. Wilted • When a plant is limp because it does not have enough moisture.

Moisture • Too much water causes small root systems and drowning. • • Which is the result of air spaces in soil being filled with water. Too little water causes wilting and stunted growth.

Temperature • • Needs vary depending on types of plants. Either too high or too low will have adverse effects. vs.

Nutrients • • Essential for optimum plant conditions. Have little effect on seed germination.

Combined Effect of Light, Moisture, Temperature, & Nutrients • • • Ideal quantities and quality will give optimum plant growth. Each has an effect on the other factors. Unfavorable environmental conditions for plant growth causes diseases to be more severe in their damages to plants.

Designed By: • Johnny M. Jessup, FFA Advisor • Hobbton High School