Plant Diversity Chapter 22 What is a Plant

Plant Diversity Chapter 22

What is a Plant? n n Members of the Kingdom Plantae They are divided into 4 groups: Bryophytes, Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms They have cell walls made of cellulose Carry out photosynthesis using chlorophyll

Plant Life Cycle n Alternation of generations: n Diploid phase: sporophyte or spore producing plant n meiosis n Haploid phase: gametophyte or gamete producing plant n mitosis

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Bryophytes n n n Mosses and their relatives Nonvascular plants: do not have vascular tissue (system of transport tubes) that conduct water and nutrients Depend on water for reproduction Osmosis Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts

Bryophytes n n http: //videos. howstuffworks. com/discovery /30695 -assignment-discovery-bryophytesvideo. htm http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=jc. WYA nmm-QE

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Plants with Vascular Systems n n A vascular system is a system of tubes to transport water and nutrients in a plants Includes Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms. Ferns are Seedless Vascular Plants Gymno and Angiosperms are Vascular Seed Producing Plants

Vascular Plants Tissues n n n Tracheids: cell that is specialized to conduct water Xylem: carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant Pholem: Transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates

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Ferns and their relatives n n Include club mosses, horsetails, and ferns Seedless vascular plants - they produce spores Have true roots, leaves, and stems http: //videos. howstuffworks. com/discovery /30696 -assignment-discovery-fernsvideo. htm

Vascular Seed Plants n n Divided into two groups: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Seed Plants n n n Gymnoperms: bear seeds directly on the surface of cones http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=D 9 by. V Qxv. MXs http: //videos. howstuffworks. com/discovery /30697 -assignment-discoverygymnosperms-video. htm

Seed Plants n n Angiosperms: flowering plants that bear their seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed http: //videos. howstuffworks. com/discovery /27703 -assignment-discovery-angiospermsvideo. htm

Seed Plant Reproduction n Includes: n n n Flowers or cones Pollen grain (male) http: //videos. howstuffworks. com/discovery/3 0702 -assignment-discovery-plantreproduction-video. htm

Angiosperm Diversity Monocots – 1 seed leaf

Dicots – 2 seed leaves n

n n n Annuals: complete a life cycle only in one growing season. Biennials: complete their life cycle in two years Perennials: live for more than two years

PLANT ANATOMY Cuticle Veins Epidermis Palisade Mesophyll Xylem Phloem Vein Spongy Mesophyll Epidermis Stoma Guard Cells