PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Biotechnology A collection of technologies The

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

Biotechnology: A collection of technologies

The Applications of Biotechnology Medical Biotechnology q v v v Diagnostics Therapeutics Vaccines Agricultural Biotechnology q Ø Ø Ø Plant agriculture Animal agriculture Food processing Environmental Biotechnology q ü ü ü Cleaning through bioremediation Preventing environmental problems Monitoring the environment

Plant agriculture n Crop production and protection n n Genetically engineered (transgenic) crops Using biological methods to protect crops Exploiting cooperative relationships in nature Nutritional value of crops n n n Improving food quality and safety Healthier cooking oils by decreasing the conc. Of saturated fatty acids in vegetable oils Functional foods: foods containing significant levels of biologically active components that impart health benefits Plant Biotechnology

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Manipulating plants for the benefit of mankind Traditionally ü breeding ü tissue culture ü inter-specific hybridisation ü mapping phenotypic/biochemical markers

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY a process to produce a genetically modified plant by removing genetic information from an organism, manipulating it in the laboratory and then transferring it into a plant to change certain of its characteristics. Now use a molecular approach to manipulation: ü molecular markers & mapping ü gene cloning, sequencing ü plant transformation ü genetic manipulation - transfer, silencing, up-regulation

pathogen-derived genes Exogenous genes (non-plant genes) bacterial genes any other organism Pathogen resistance Applications: Herbicide resistance ü transgenic bioreactors Delivery systems

Endogenous genes (Plant genes) Enzymes in biochemical pathway Natural resistance genes Mapping Gene discovery (functional genomics) ESTs, libraries Silencing, expression Mutants, arrays Applications: ümarkers ütransgenic Marker assisted breeding Plant improvement