Plant and Animal Cells Structure and Function Cell

Plant and Animal Cells Structure and Function

Cell Wall Function: Support, Protection and Structure Found in: Plants, algae and fungi Notes: Made of cellulose (carbohydrate)

Cell Wall Sketch:

Plasma Membrane Function: A flexible boundary that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell Found in: All Cells Notes: Made of phospholipids and proteins

Plasma Membrane Sketch:

Cytoplasm Function: Jelly-like substance where all chemical reactions take place Found in: All Eukaryotes Notes: Takes shape of cell Lots of nutrients Salts present for reactions

Endoplasmic Reticulum Function: Transport of proteins within the cell (rough and smooth) Smooth ER enzymes break down substances Found in: All eukaryotes Notes: Smooth is found in liver to rid harmful chemicals Folded to increase surface area

Endoplasmic Reticulum Sketch:

Golgi Bodies (apparatus) Function: Flattened stack of folded membranes that modifies, packages and distributes proteins. Found in: All Eukaryotes Notes: Proteins are packaged into vesicles “Post Office” – one side receives, one side ships Receives proteins from ER

Golgi Bodies (apparatus) Sketch:

Lysosome Function: Digestion within cells Found in: Mainly animal cells, rarely in plant cells Notes: Membrane bound to keep digestive enzymes in Formed from Golgi bodies “Clean up Crew” Destroys old cells and organelles Repairs plasma membrane

Lysosome Sketch:

Peroxisome Function: Produces peroxide in order to break down a type of nucleic acid Found in: Mainly animal cells Notes: Sketch:

Peroxisome Sketch:

Mitochondria Function: Breaks down organic molecules to release energy for cellular reactions “powerhouse of cell” Found in: All Eukaryotes Notes: Produces ATP – energy molecule Folded cristae – membranes where ATP is produced

Mitochondria Sketch:

Nucleus Function: The control center of the cell Contains coded directions for the production of proteins and cell division Found in: All Eukaryotes Notes: Contains genetic information

Nucleus Sketch:

Nucleolus Function: Production of ribosomes Found in: All Eukaryotes Notes: Inside of the nucleus

Nucleous Sketch:

Nuclear Membrane (envelope) Function: Protects nucleus Found in: All Eukaryotes Notes: Have nuclear pores for materials to travel through

Nuclear Membrane (envelope) Sketch:

Ribosome Function: Produces proteins for the cell (Protein Synthesis) Found in: All Eukaryotes Notes: Made of RNA and protein

Ribosome Sketch:

Vacuole Function: Membrane bound vesicle for the temporary storage of materials Found in: All Eukaryotes Notes: Really big in plants

Vacuole Sketch:

Centrioles Function: Cellular reproduction Found in: Animals, some algae and fungi Notes: Found in pairs never in plant cells

Centrioles Sketch:

Cytoskeleton (microfilaments and microtubules) Function: Movement and support Found in: All Eukaryotes Notes: Responsible for cell shape Made of actin and myosin protein Found throughout cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton (microfilaments and microtubules) Notes: “cilia” or “Flagella” – External movement

Cytoskeleton (microfilaments and microtubules) Sketch:

Chloroplast Function: Controls photosynthesis Found in: Plants and Algae Notes: Contains chlorophyll “Plastids” Made of thylakoid membranes

Chloroplast Sketch:

Chromatin Function: Genetic material inside the nucleus Found in: All Eukaryotes Notes: Will become chromosomes

Chromatin Sketch: