Place Slide Title Text Here JOHN R SCHERMERHORN

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Place Slide Title Text Here JOHN R. SCHERMERHORN, JR. MANAGEMENT 12 th Edition Chapter

Place Slide Title Text Here JOHN R. SCHERMERHORN, JR. MANAGEMENT 12 th Edition Chapter 17 Teams and Teamwork © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -

Place Slide Title — Text Here 17 Study Questions Planning Ahead Chapter 1. How

Place Slide Title — Text Here 17 Study Questions Planning Ahead Chapter 1. How do teams contribute to organizations? 2. What are the current trends in the use of teams? 3. How do teams work? 4. How do teams make decisions? © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -2

Place Slide Title 17 Text Here Dashboard Chapter Learning 1. Teams in Organizations 1.

Place Slide Title 17 Text Here Dashboard Chapter Learning 1. Teams in Organizations 1. 2. 3. 4. Teamwork pros Teamwork cons Meetings, meetings Organizations as networks of teams 2. Trends in the Use of Teams 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Committees, project teams, and task forces Cross-functional teams Self-managing teams Virtual teams Team building © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -3

Place Slide Title 17 Text Here Dashboard Chapter Learning 3. How Teams Work 1.

Place Slide Title 17 Text Here Dashboard Chapter Learning 3. How Teams Work 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Team inputs Stages of team development Norms and cohesiveness Task and maintenance roles Communication networks 4. Decision Making in Teams 1. 2. 3. 4. Ways teams make decisions Advantages and disadvantages of team decisions Groupthink Creativity in team decision making © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -4

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Teams • Team – A small

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Teams • Team – A small group of people with complementary skills who interact and work with one another to achieve shared goals • Teamwork – The process of people actively working together to accomplish common goals © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -5

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Team and teamwork roles for managers:

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Team and teamwork roles for managers: – Team leader— serving as the appointed head of a team or work unit – Network facilitator — serving as a peer leader an network hub for a special task force – Team member — serving as a helpful contributing member of a project team – Coach or team developer — serving as a team’s advisor on ways to improve processes and performance © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -6

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Teams © 2013 John Wiley &

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Teams © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -7

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Teams Synergy – The creation of

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Teams Synergy – The creation of a whole that is greater than the sum of its individual parts – A team uses its membership resources to the fullest and thereby achieves through collective action far more than could be achieved otherwise © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -8

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Teams © 2013 John Wiley &

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Teams © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -9

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Teams Common problems in teams: –

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Teams Common problems in teams: – – – Personality conflicts Individual differences in work styles Ambiguous agendas Ill-defined problems Social loafing tendency of some people to avoid responsibility by “free-riding” in groups © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -10

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Teams © 2013 John Wiley &

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Teams © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -11

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Teams Formal groups – Officially recognized

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Teams Formal groups – Officially recognized and supported by the organization – Specifically created to perform essential tasks – Managers and leaders serve “linking pin” roles © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -12

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Teams Informal groups – Not recognized

Place. Takeaway Slide Title 1: Text Herein Organizations Teams Informal groups – Not recognized on organization charts – Not officially created for an organizational purpose – Emerge as part of the informal structure and from natural or spontaneous relationships among people – Include interest, friendship, and support groups – Can have positive performance impact – Can help satisfy social needs © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -13

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams Committees,

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams Committees, project teams, and task forces: – Committees • People outside their daily job assignments work together in a small team for a specific purpose • Task agenda is narrow, focused, and ongoing – Projects teams or task forces • People from various parts of an organization work together on common problems, but on a temporary basis • Official tasks are very specific and time defined • Disbands after task is completed © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -14

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams Cross-functional

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams Cross-functional teams – Members come from different functional units of an organization – Teams are created to knock down “walls” separating departments – Functional chimneys problem – a lack of communication across functions © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -15

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams Self-managing

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams Self-managing teams – Have the authority to make decisions about how they share and complete their work – Key feature is multitasking with an emphasis on participation © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -16

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams Characteristics

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams Characteristics of self-managing teams: © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -17

Place Slide Title Text Here Figure 17. 1 Organizational and management implications of self-managing

Place Slide Title Text Here Figure 17. 1 Organizational and management implications of self-managing work teams © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -18

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams Virtual

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams Virtual (distributed) teams – Teams of people who work together and solve problems through largely computermediated rather than face-to-face interactions © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -19

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams Potential

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams Potential advantages of virtual teams: • Savings in time and travel expenses • Minimization or elimination of interpersonal difficulties • Ease of expansion Potential problems of virtual teams: • Difficulty in establishing good working relationships • Depersonalization of working relationships © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -20

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams Guidelines

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams Guidelines for managing virtual teams: • Select team members high in initiative and capable of selfstarting. • Select members who will join and engage the team with positive attitudes. • Select members known for working hard to meet team goals. • Begin with social messaging that allows members to exchange information • about each other to personalize the process. • Assign clear goals and roles so that members can focus while working alone and also know what others are doing. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -21

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams Team

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams Team Building – Activities that analyze teams and make changes to improve performance – May include meetings, games and outdoor activities © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -22

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams ©

Place Slide Title Text Here Takeaway 2: Trends in the Use of Teams © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -23

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Effective Teams – Perform

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Effective Teams – Perform tasks – Satisfy members – Remain viable for the future © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -24

Place Slide Title Text Here Figure 17. 2 An open-systems model of team effectiveness

Place Slide Title Text Here Figure 17. 2 An open-systems model of team effectiveness © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -25

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Team effectiveness may be

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Team effectiveness may be summarized as Quality of inputs Process gains – Process losses © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Team effectiveness 17 -26

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Team diversity: – A

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Team diversity: – A variety of values, personalities, experiences, demographics, and cultures among members – Greater variety of available ideas, perspectives, and experiences – As team diversity increases, complexity of interpersonal relationships also increases © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -27

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Team input factors that

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Team input factors that influence group process in the pursuit of team effectiveness: – Resources and setting – Nature of the task – Team size – Membership characteristics © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -28

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Stages of team development:

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Stages of team development: – Forming • initial orientation and interpersonal testing – Storming • conflict over tasks and ways of working as a team – Norming • consolidation around task and operating agendas – Performing • teamwork and focused task performance – Adjourning • task accomplishment and eventual disengagement © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -29

Place Slide Title Text Here Figure 17. 3 Criteria for assessing the maturity of

Place Slide Title Text Here Figure 17. 3 Criteria for assessing the maturity of a team © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -30

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How • Norms – Behavior

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How • Norms – Behavior expected of team members – Rules or standards that guide behavior – May result in team sanctions • Cohesiveness – Degree that members are attracted to and motivated to remain part of the team – Desire to conform to norms © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -31

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Guidelines for building positive

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Guidelines for building positive norms: • • • Act as a positive role model Reinforce the desired behaviors with rewards Control results by performance reviews and regular feedback Orient and train new members to adopt desired behaviors Recruit and select new members who exhibit desired behaviors • Hold regular meetings to discuss progress and ways of improving • Use team decision-making methods to reach agreement © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -32

Place Slide Title Text Here Figure 17. 4 How cohesiveness and norms influence team

Place Slide Title Text Here Figure 17. 4 How cohesiveness and norms influence team performance © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -33

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Guidelines for increasing team

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Guidelines for increasing team cohesion: – Build agreement on team goals – Increase membership homogeneity – Increase interaction among members – Decrease team size – Introduce competition with other teams – Reward team rather than individual results – Provide physical isolation from other teams © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -34

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Task activities – Actions

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Task activities – Actions by team members that contribute directly to team’s performance purpose – Include: • • • Initiating Information sharing Summarizing Elaborating Opinion giving © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -35

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Maintenance activities – Support

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Maintenance activities – Support emotional life of a team as an ongoing social system – Include: • • • Gatekeeping Encouraging Following Harmonizing Reducing tension © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -36

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Distributed leadership roles …

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Distributed leadership roles … – Make every member responsible for recognizing when task and/or maintenance activities are needed and taking actions to provide them – Leading through task activities focuses on solving problems and achieving performance results – Leading through maintenance activities helps strengthen and perpetuate the team as a social system © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -37

Place Slide Title Text Here 17. 5 Distributed leadership helps teams meet task and

Place Slide Title Text Here 17. 5 Distributed leadership helps teams meet task and maintenance needs © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -38

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Disruptive activities that detract

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Disruptive activities that detract from team effectiveness: – – – – Being aggressive Blocking Self-confessing Seeking sympathy Competing Withdrawal Horsing around Seeking recognition © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -39

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Communication networks – Decentralized

Place Slide Title Text Here Teams Work Takeaway 3: How Communication networks – Decentralized • All members communicate directly with one another – Centralized • Activities are coordinated and results pooled by central point of control – Restricted • Polarized subgroups contest one another • Subgroups may engage in antagonistic relations © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -40

Place Slide Title Text Here Figure 17. 6 Interaction patterns and communication networks in

Place Slide Title Text Here Figure 17. 6 Interaction patterns and communication networks in teams © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -41

Place Slide Title Here. Making in Teams Takeaway 4: Text Decision Methods of team

Place Slide Title Here. Making in Teams Takeaway 4: Text Decision Methods of team decision making: – Lack of response – Authority rule – Minority rule – Majority rule – Consensus – Unanimity © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -42

Place Slide Title Here. Making in Teams Takeaway 4: Text Decision Advantages of team

Place Slide Title Here. Making in Teams Takeaway 4: Text Decision Advantages of team decision making: Disadvantages of team decision making: • Greater amounts of information, knowledge, and expertise • Expands number of action alternatives considered • Increases understanding and acceptance • Increases commitment to follow through • Social pressure to conform • Individual or minority group domination • Time requirements © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -43

Place Slide Title Here. Making in Teams Takeaway 4: Text Decision Symptoms of groupthink:

Place Slide Title Here. Making in Teams Takeaway 4: Text Decision Symptoms of groupthink: – – – – Illusions of group invulnerability Rationalizing unpleasant and disconfirming data Belief in inherent group morality Negative stereotypes of competitors Pressure to conform Self-censorship of members Illusions of unanimity Mind guarding © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -44

Place Slide Title Here. Making in Teams Takeaway 4: Text Decision © 2013 John

Place Slide Title Here. Making in Teams Takeaway 4: Text Decision © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -45

Place Slide Title Here. Making in Teams Takeaway 4: Text Decision © 2013 John

Place Slide Title Here. Making in Teams Takeaway 4: Text Decision © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -46

Place Slide Title Here. Making in Teams Takeaway 4: Text Decision Creativity in team

Place Slide Title Here. Making in Teams Takeaway 4: Text Decision Creativity in team decision making – Brainstorming • Open and spontaneous discussion of problems and ideas • Guidelines – – Go for quantity of ideas Don’t criticize each other Welcome “freewheeling” Build on the ideas of others – Nominal Group technique • Meeting agenda structured to allow participation of all group members • Individual contributions are brought to the group for discussion © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 -47