Pioneers of Surgery A Brutal Craft Part I

Pioneers of Surgery: A Brutal Craft (Part I) Key Notes

Important People to Note from Video • Pare (French surgeon used boiling oil on amputated limbs) • Mc. Dowell (1809 -removed a 15 lb tumor on a women’s ovary w/no anaesthesia) • Humphrey Davy (nitrous oxide) called in “Laughing gas” • Morton (used ether & discovered how it eliminated pain) • Warren (1846 -removed a cyst in the neck using ether) • Liston (hold the leg with one hand & amputate with the other) • Simpson (used chloroform for simple surgeries) • Scion (took advantage of ether & the longer time to operate) • Lister (1865 -child’s broken leg, applied phenol, saved the leg) • Pasteur (sugg. use of carbolic on infected wounds) • Halsted (Sprayed carbolic while operating, began to use gloves) • Koch (bacteria from surgeon’s hands was transferred to patients and began the process of antisepsis -sugg. boiling instruments. • Lower (1600’s - 1 st blood transfusion with lamb • Landsteiner (sep. blood groups-more successful transfusions) • Cushing (Brain tumors, electro-cautery, no talking)

Important People to Note from Video • Three Barriers: – Pain (anaesthetic agents) – Blood loss - Shock (sawdust, hot irons, clamps ) – Infection (lognum, carbolic acid, phenol, boiling, autoclave, antibacterial gases, and soaking in chemicals) • Anaesthesia: (alcohol, hypnotism, Knock-out punch) – Ether – Chloroform – Nitrous Oxide • Other Notes: – – – – Quickest was best (amputation record: 28 sec. )- Liston Antisepsis (use of phenol, carbolic acid) Asepsis (*setting up a sterile field) 1 st blood transfusion: with an animal (lamb) – Lower (1600) 1 st human blood transfusion (1818) Shock (Stonewall Jackson’s symptoms: pale, gasping for air, etc. Sodium citrate was used to prevent blood from clotting (transport) Stalin (Russia) used corpses for blood transfusion