PIGEON WATCH BY AUBREY CARR MICHELLE HERNANDEZ INTRODUCTION
PIGEON WATCH BY AUBREY CARR & MICHELLE HERNANDEZ
INTRODUCTION: WHY STUDY PIGEONS AND WHAT IS THE PURPOSE? To test previous data and contribute to building the amount of research that has been done on feral pigeons AND To understand their ecological characteristics and role in evolution
THE STUDY The Three Hypotheses That Guided This Study To Understand Natural Selection Among Feral Pigeons Are: 1. Hypothesis 1: Tests whethere is a significant difference between the mix of birds in previous regions of study and those in our region of study. 2. Hypothesis 2: Tests whethere is a significant association between pigeon morphs and their habitats. 3. Hypothesis 3: Tests whethere is a significant difference between male courtship behavior for the Fall 2019 data and previously collected data from other regions of study.
DATA COLLECTION Data: Collected by CSULB students enrolled in the Geography Department Los Angeles County Orange County Areas Included: Downtown Industrial Commercial Residential Suburban Park Beach
METHODS Chi-Squared Test Alpha : 0. 05 Effect Size Power
RESULTS R Hypothesis 1 Hypothesis 2 X 2 calculated: 19. 282 X 2 critical: 7. 815 X 2 calculated: 0. 696 X 2 critical: 5. 991 p-value: 0. 000 α: 0. 05 p-value: 0. 706 α: 0. 05 Cramer’s V effect: 0. 053 Power: 0. 971 Cramer’s V effect: 0. 090 Power: 0. 107 Hypothesis 3 X 2 calculated: 0. 485 X 2 critical: 3. 841 p-value: 0. 486 α: 0. 05 Cramer’s V effect: 0. 041 Power: 0. 108
DISCUSSION Significance Based on Chi. Squared Critical Value: Hypothesis 1: There is a significance difference in the mix of birds in previous regions of study and those in our region of study. Hypothesis 2: There is no significance association between pigeon morphs and their habitats. Hypothesis 3: There is no significance difference in the observed courtship by morph class between our data and past data.
DISCUSSION Effect Size: Hypothesis 1: Moderate Hypothesis 2: Strong Hypothesis 3: Moderate Effect Size of: 0. 1 -03 Weak 0. 3 -0. 5 Moderate > 0. 5 Strong
DISCUSSION Power Hypothesis 1: There is enough power to reject the null hypothesis. Hypothesis 2: We have enough power to accept the null hypothesis. Hypothesis 3: We have enough power to accept the null hypothesis. Power indicates the ability to avoid a false negative if the power is greater than 0. 08
CONCLUSION Focus: Biogeography of Pigeons “Why are there so many different colors of feral pigeons? ” � We looked at natural selection through habitat, morph type, and courtship selection Significant Finding: There is a significant difference between the mix of birds in other regions of study from those in Irvine (Hypothesis 1) Future Research: Larger Sample Size Contribution to a field of knowledge that will offer a building block for future research.
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