PIAGETS STAGES OF SENSORIMOTOR INTELLIGENCE Stage 1 Early

PIAGET'S STAGES OF SENSORIMOTOR INTELLIGENCE Stage 1: Early reflexes Birth - 1 month Stage 2: Primary Circular Reactions 1 - 4 months Stage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions 4 - 8 months Stage 4: Combines Secondary Circular Reactions 8 - 12 months Stage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions 12 - 18 months Stage 6: The First Symbols 18 – 24 months

Toys That Support Cognitive Development in Infancy Birth - 2 Months 6 - 12 Months 12 - 24 Months Mobile in crib Rattle Music box Squeeze toys Nested plastic cups Boxes with lids Soft ball Stuffed animals Pots and pans Picture books (especially cloth or cardboard) Dolls, especially large ones Toy telephone Puzzles (5 - 10 pieces) Vehicles (cars, boats, train) Sandbox, shovel, and pail Water toys (cups, funnel, etc. ) Picture books with simple words

One-month-old Two-month-old Finish Start

Phase 1 Phase 2 Reversal Shift Phase 2 Non-Reversal Shift R R Here, the infant must discriminate the dimension of color. Red shapes are rewarded but blue are not - provided that the child looks at the red ones. R = Rewarded In phase 2 with a reversal shift, the infant must still discriminate the same dimension, but a different value of the dimension. Color is still rewarded, but now it is the color blue instead of red. R R In phase 2 with a nonreversal shift, the infant must discriminate a new dimension in order to be rewarded in this case the dimension of shape. Triangles are now rewarded, regardless of color.

Evidence of Object Permanence in Infants HABITUATION EVENT: First, the child is shown an inclined track with a screen that can be raised and lowered. She becomes habituated to watching a car roll down the track, behind the screen , and out the other side. A TEST EVENTS "Possible" event: In one test condition, a toy mouse is placed behind the tracks, but is hidden while the car rolls past. B "Impossible" event: In the other test condition, the mouse is placed on the tracks, but is secretly removed after the screen in place, so that the car seems to roll "through" the mouse. C

FIVE ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE • PHONOLOGY: Sounds of a language • LEXICON: Words of a language • SEMANTICS: Meanings of words • PRAGMATICS: Rules for using a language in a social context • SYNTAX: Organization and grammatical rules of a language

Summary of Cognitive Development in the First Two Years • Infants are in Piaget’s sensorimotor stage. • Concept of object permanence develops during this stage. • Cooing, babbling, first words and two-word sentences appear in language growth, up to a vocabulary of about 200 words.

Summary of Early Childhood Physical Development • Brain continues myelination process and formation of neuronal connections. • Body proportions becoming more adult-like. • Large and fine motor coordination are maturing.