PIAGET PREOPERATIONAL STAGE VYGOTSKYS VIEWS Chapter 9 Cognitive

PIAGET PREOPERATIONAL STAGE & VYGOTSKY’S VIEWS Chapter 9 Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

PREOPERATIONAL STAGE (2 -7 YEARS) • Pre= before Operations= logical thinking • Preoperational thinking= thinking without logical rules • Thinking becomes representational • Children have mental pictures in their minds, they don’t use sensorimotor input • Use language to represent the world symbolically • symbolic thought: thinking in which symbols/internal images are used to represent objects, persons, and events that are not present. Examples: dog (pet dog, plastic dog, imagined dog flag (symbolizes a country)

SYMBOLS l. Extraordinary increase in representational (symbolic) activity.

LIMITATIONS IN PREOPERATIONAL THOUGHT 1. Conservation 2. Egocentrism 3. Classification These are mistakes children make when thinking

PIAGET: PREOPERATIONAL THOUGHT Conservation WORTH PUBLISHERS –Principle that the amount of a substance remains the same (i. e. , is conserved) when its appearance changes. Demonstration of Conservation. Sarah, here at age 5. , demonstrates Piaget's conservation-of-liquids experiment. You Tube Video https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Yt. LEWVu 815 o&index=3&list=WL

LET’S WATCH – CONSERVATION OF LIQUID 5. 5 YEARS OLD

LET’S WATCH – CONSERVATION OF LIQUID 7. 5 YEARS OLD

LET’S WATCH – CONSERVATION OF NUMBER 4. 5 YEARS OLD

LET’S WATCH – CONSERVATION OF NUMBER 5. 5 YEARS OLD

WHY DON’T CHILDREN UNDERSTAND CONSERVATION? 1. centration: thinking is focused on one aspect of the cognitive problem and excludes other important aspects. 2. focus on what is visible: what you see s what you get 3. static reasoning: things in the world are only one way and don’t change Example: children can’t imagine that their parents were children once. Example: My teacher is a mother Example: She is not Ivet, she is my mother 4. irreversibility: not able to reverse an action mentally

EGOCENTRISM Egocentrism Failure to distinguish others’ views from one’s own Let's Watch

ANIMISM Belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities Ex: thunder is angry Moon is following me… This is egocentric because children attribute thoughts/feelings they have to inanimate things.

CLASSIFICATION • One object can be part of more than a cognitive group • Piaget would ask children, “Are there more orange flowers or more flowers? ” • Child “ More orange flowers. ”

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT • Language continues to progress at a rapid pace • Fast mapping • Grammar continues to develop; by age 4 about 90% of children use correct grammar

PRAGMATICS: SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RULES OF • Pragmatics. LANGUAGE -the social rules of language ex: saying “please” , “thank you” “Mr. /Ms. ” • Understanding begins through gestures • By age two some understanding of basic conversation • By age 4 more sensitive to partners in conversation