PIA 2501 Public Policy and Management ORGANIZATIONS INSTITUTIONS
PIA 2501: Public Policy and Management ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NGOs
THE TIE IN-1 GOVERNANCE ISSUES IMPACT NGO WORK
Prologue- World Bank Mission l Local Governance and Civil Society in Guinea Conakry (Stakeholder Analysis. March, 2006) l Creation of a Poverty Alleviation Fundincludes Micro-Credit l Design Capacity for Service Delivery l Need for Predictable Governance and stable Civil Society
Micro-Credit Project in Ethiopia
Tie In-2: The Popularity of Micro-credit Grameen Bank Nobel Prize for Peace (2006) Micro-credit The Concept and the Controversy Links to Traditional Savings Banks Ann Dunham- Micro-credit specialist
Micro-Credit will be Popular
TIE IN-3 l NGOs and Civil Society Tie into Decentralized Governance
Decentralization and Civil Society: A Grassroots Perspective Governance / Democracy Rural Credit NGOs Women’s Focused Groups Target Group Communication and Support Rural Industries Land Civic Education Grassroots Organizations
Civil Society as a Dependent Variable
Tie In-4
State Societal Linkages: Redux Central State - Macro Weak Strong SOFT STATE………………. PREDATORY STATE Mezzo-Intermediate State-Weak Strong Mono-State…. . . INTERGOVERNMENTAL Systems in place. …. . Local State Civil Society - Micro Weak Strong Local - SOFT STATE…. ………………LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Civil Society--Review l Networks of organizations, groups and individuals pursuing socio-economic interests l "Beyond the family but short of the state" (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel )
Tie In- 5 - Human Rights Issues Review Civil Society and Human Rights l "Human Rights, Basic Needs and the Stuff of Citizenship" (Anonymous) l Issue: First vs. Second and Third generation Human Rights and Civil Society
Civil Society Structures-1 l NGOs, CBOs, (Community Based Orgs. ) PVOs (Private Voluntary Organizations: Who do they represent? l Grassroots, interests, not for profits (neutrality) l Groups- Role of ethnicity, religion and class, vs. individual rights
NGOs- THE NATURE OF THE BEAST NGOs?
NGOs--The Nature of the Beast l l l Non-Profits vs. For Profits Not for Profits- More value directed Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs) Community Based Organizations (CBOs) Foundations
NGOs-The Nature of the Beast-2 l Civic Associations (Civics) l Interest Groups l Quangos l Trade Unions l Religious Organizations
Goods for Good- A Malawi Based Organization (BUT? )
Civil Society Structures-2 l Privatization as an NGO issue (Compete with Private Sector l Corporatism vs. Clientelism (NGOs vulnerable) l Organic VS. Individualist nature of society (Vincent Ostrom) (Civil Society sometimes seen as collectivist) Establishing the rule of law l Roman vs. Common Law l What is the role of the individual l
Five Caveats: NGOs l Usually excludes “for profits” l Issue of contractors- both for profits and non-profits l Includes both International and Local l Internationals are not universally loved
Five Caveats, Cont. l Very often internationals are religious or charity based l Focus has been primarily on relief rather than development or civil society goals
Types of “Development” NGOs l Philanthropy vs. Charity l Relief and Welfare Societies l Public Service Contractors l Populist based development agencies (national)
Andrew Carnegie championed the idea of strategic philanthropy: he thought it was better to give people a fishing rod than a fish.
Types of “Development” NGOs l Grassroots associations (local or village based) l Advocacy l Public groups Service Contractors
Rural Development Promotion
International NGOsl Care l Catholic Relief Services l Save the Children l Amnesty International l Oxfam
Origins- Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster l War, Drought, Agricultural Failure l Focus l on Rural Development Human Rights l Focus on Governance
Political Cartoon Remembering the 1960 s
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster NGOs--Areas of Perceived Advantage l Cost-effective l Small but efficient l Innovative l Staff loyalty and commitment
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster NGOs--Perceived Advantage • Ideologically compatible with Development values • Links with poor • Image of populism
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster l International NGOs—Weaknesses l Lack of local legitimacy l Donor driven l Inefficiency
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster l International NGOs—Weaknesses l Amateurism l Leadership and continuity problems l Staffing problems l Self-serving-own l Faith Based objectives
Annual Meeting of World Association of Non. Governmental Organizations (WANGO)
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster l International NGOs—Weaknesses l Fixation l on projects Problems of replication l Lack of perceived accountability l Learning memory problems/lack of institutional
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster l International NGOs—Weaknesses l Tensions l with government institutions Politically threatening l Ties with existing local elites l Inability of humanitarian organizations to transfer to new development orientation
Not Oprah’s Book of the Week V. S. Naipaul, Among the Believers Jim Mayfield, Go to the People l China vs. Indonesia l Believers, l Unbelievers Secular vs. Religious Views of the World
From the University of Utah to Iraq l Jim Mayfield
V. S. Naipaul and with Paul Theroux in 1986
Discussion and Debates l Lawrence l Monte Palmer l Samuel l The Graham P. Huntington Picard Findings
First Group Discussion-Civil Society and Democracy in. . . l South America l Central America l Eastern and Southern Africa l Asia/Central Asia/Eurasia l West and Central Africa
l Ten Minute Break
Follow Up Discussion and Debate
- Slides: 48