PIA 2501 Development Policy and Management Week Eight

PIA 2501 Development Policy and Management Week Eight

Next Week’s Discussion l Danielle’s Briefing

PIA 2501: Public Policy and Management Week Eight: NGOs, Community Dynamics and Civil Society

Community Dynamics

Civil Society--Review l Networks of organizations, groups and individuals pursuing socio-economic interests l "Beyond the family but short of the state" (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel )

The Focus of the Week ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NGOs

Tie Ins to NGOs and Civil Society 1. The Failed State 2. Decentralized Governance 3. Reconceptualization of Governance 4. Human Rights

“Socio-economic Status and Seniority in the New Jersey Brigade” 1775

Tie ins to NGOs 5. Development Promotion 6. Micro-Credit 7. Nature of the Beast

NGOs-Tie In 1: The Failed State l The Power of the Picture l VIDEO

Prologue- World Bank Mission l Local Governance and Civil Society in Guinea Conakry (Stakeholder Analysis- March, 2006) l A Collapsed State l Creation of a Poverty Alleviation Fund- includes Micro-Credit l Design Capacity for Service Delivery l Need for Predictable Governance and stable Civil Society

THE TIE IN-1 - Failure of the State System GOVERNANCE ISSUES IMPACT NGO WORK

The Hard State

Political Cartoon Remembering the 1960 s

TIE IN-2 l NGOs and Civil Society Tie into Decentralized Governance

Civil Society as a Dependent Variable

Decentralization and Civil Society: A Grassroots Perspective Governance / Democracy Rural Credit NGOs Women’s Focused Groups Target Group Communication and Support Rural Industries Land Civic Education Grassroots Organizations

State Societal Linkages: Redux Central State - Macro Weak Strong SOFT STATE………………. PREDATORY STATE Mezzo-Intermediate State-Weak Strong Mono-State…. . . INTERGOVERNMENTAL Systems in place. …. . Local State Civil Society - Micro Weak Strong Local - SOFT STATE…. ………………LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Tie In-3

Tamil Protests and Sri Lanka’s Political Future

Civil Society Structures-1 l NGOs, CBOs, (Community Based Orgs. ) PVOs (Private Voluntary Organizations: Who do they represent? l Grassroots, interests, not for profits (neutrality) l Groups- Role of ethnicity, religion and class, vs. individual rights

World Ethnic Divisions

Civil Society Structures-2 l Privatization as an NGO issue (Compete with Private Sector l Corporatism vs. Clientelism (NGOs vulnerable) l Organic VS. Individualist nature of society (Vincent Ostrom) (Civil Society sometimes seen as collectivist) Establishing the rule of law l Roman vs. Common Law l What is the role of the individual l

The Roman Empire

Tie In- 4 - Human Rights Issues Review Civil Society and Human Rights l "Human Rights, Basic Needs and the Stuff of Citizenship" (Anonymous) l Issue: First vs. Second and Third generation Human Rights and Civil Society

Sometimes a Great Notion

Origins- Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster l War, Drought, Agricultural Failure l Focus on Rural Development l Human Rights l Focus on Governance

Tie In 5: Rural Development Promotion

Goods for Good- A Malawi Based Organization (BUT? )

Andrew Carnegie championed the idea of strategic philanthropy: he thought it was better to give people a fishing rod than a fish.

Types of “Development” NGOs l Grassroots associations (local or village based) l Advocacy groups l Public Service Contractors

Types of “Development” NGOs l Philanthropy vs. Charity l Relief and Welfare Societies l Public Service Contractors l Populist based development agencies (national)

Micro-Credit Project in Ethiopia

Tie In-6: The Popularity of Micro-credit Grameen Bank Nobel Prize for Peace (2006) Micro-credit: The New Orthodoxy The Concept and the Controversy Links to Traditional Savings Banks Ann Dunham- Micro-credit specialist VIDEO

Micro-Credit will be Popular

l Ten Minute Break

NGOs- THE NATURE OF THE BEAST NGOs?

Tie in 7 - NGOs--The Nature of the Beast Non-Profits vs. For Profits l Not for Profits- More value directed l Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs) l Community Based Organizations (CBOs) l Foundations l

NGOs-The Nature of the Beast-2 l Civic Associations (Civics) l Interest Groups l Quangos l Trade Unions l Religious Organizations

Northern Pakistan

International NGOsl Care l Catholic Relief Services l Save the Children l Amnesty International l Oxfam

Five Caveats: NGOs l Usually excludes “for profits” l Issue of contractors- both for profits and non-profits l Includes both International and Local l Internationals are not universally loved

Not Universally Loved

Five Caveats, Cont. l Very often internationals are religious or charity based l Focus has been primarily on relief rather than development or civil society goals

Indigenous NGOs

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster NGOs--Areas of Perceived Advantage l Cost-effective l Small but efficient l Innovative l Staff loyalty and commitment

One View

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster NGOs--Perceived Advantage • Ideologically compatible with Development values • Links with poor • Image of populism

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster l International NGOs—Weaknesses l Lack of local legitimacy l Donor driven l Inefficiency

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster l International NGOs—Weaknesses l Amateurism l Leadership and continuity problems l Staffing problems l Self-serving-own objectives l Faith Based

Annual Meeting of World Association of Non. Governmental Organizations (WANGO)

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster l International NGOs—Weaknesses l Fixation on projects l Problems of replication l Lack of perceived accountability l Learning problems/lack of institutional memory

NGOs and Projects

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster l International NGOs—Weaknesses l Tensions with government institutions l Politically threatening l Ties with existing local elites l Inability of humanitarian organizations to transfer to new development orientation

Discussion and Debates Lawrence Graham l Lawrence Graham- Brazil- Local Government l Monte Palmer- Egypt- Bureaucracy l Samuel P. Huntington- Culture Clash l The Picard Findings- Attitudes Botswana

Forthcoming Books- Next Week V. S. Naipaul, Among the Believers Jim Mayfield, Go to the People l China vs. Indonesia l Believers, Unbelievers l Secular vs. Religious Views of the World

From the University of Utah to Iraq l Jim Mayfield

Interview l Deborah Scroggins l VIDEO

Not Oprah’s Book of the Week Janine Wedel and Deborah Scroggins

Books of the Week l Janine Wedel, Collision and Collusion l Deborah Scroggins, Emma’s War

Follow Up Discussion and Debate