PHYSIOLOGY OF NOSE AND PNS DR SHEETAL RAI

PHYSIOLOGY OF NOSE AND PNS DR SHEETAL RAI ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPT OF ENT YENEPOYA MEDICAL COLLEGE

SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES List and discuss in brief the functions of the nose. List the functions of the paranasal sinuses.

FUNCTIONS OF THE NOSE � Respiration � Air conditioning of inspired air � Protection of lower respiratory � Vocal resonance � Nasal reflex functions � Olfaction

RESPIRATION

RESPIRATION NASAL CYCLE Rhythmic cyclical congestion and decongestion of the nasal mucosa which alternates every 4 hours.

AIR CONDITIONING Filtration Purification Temperature control Humidification

PROTECTIVE FUNCTION Mucociliary mechanism

MUCOCILIARY MECHANISM

PROTECTIVE FUNCTION Enzymes and immunoglobulins Sneezing

VOCAL RESONANCE M, N and NG - resonated through the nose During nasal obstruction – these letters sound as B, D and G.

NASAL REFLEXES Sneezing Naso-pulmonary reflexes

OLFACTION OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM

PHYSIOLOGY OF PNS Ventilation of the sinuses Mucociliary clearance of the sinuses

MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE MAXILLARY SINUS

MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE FRONTAL SINUS

MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE

FUNCTIONS OF PNS Air conditioning of inspired air Vocal resonance Thermal insulator Lighten the skull bones Extended surface area for olfaction Local immunity Buffering action against trauma

SUMMARY The nose and the paranasal sinuses work hand in hand to serve various important functions. Knowledge of the physiology helps in better understanding the diseases affecting the nose and the PNS and also the treatment modalities.

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