Physiology Health Exercise Lesson 9 z The Athletic

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Physiology, Health & Exercise Lesson 9 z. The “Athletic” Heart

Physiology, Health & Exercise Lesson 9 z. The “Athletic” Heart

The “Athletic” Heart z Cardiac hypertrophy z Endurance training & LV z Maximal heart

The “Athletic” Heart z Cardiac hypertrophy z Endurance training & LV z Maximal heart rate & cardiac output 2

Athletes are fitter than most people. Why? z Undergo regime of training z Exercise

Athletes are fitter than most people. Why? z Undergo regime of training z Exercise at more extreme levels z Exercise for longer periods of time z Have shorter recovery times z Lower HR at rest- 30 -40 bpm 3

Athletes are fitter than most people. z Strengthened cardiac muscle- capable of more forceful

Athletes are fitter than most people. z Strengthened cardiac muscle- capable of more forceful contraction- higher SV- even at rest z Athlete’s heart actually gets bigger- cardiac hypertrophy z Increase in protein synthesis in cardiac muscle fibres increase in contractile elements within each fibre increase in size 4

Athletes are fitter than most people. If you measure the size of cardiac muscle

Athletes are fitter than most people. If you measure the size of cardiac muscle and volumes of the heart chambers using echocardiography and compare trained and untrained people: 5

Left ventricular mass (g) Left ventricular volume (ml) Untrained 210 100 Trained 300 180

Left ventricular mass (g) Left ventricular volume (ml) Untrained 210 100 Trained 300 180 What 2 conclusions can you draw from this data? 6

In non-athletes increase in CO is due to increase in HR z Is this

In non-athletes increase in CO is due to increase in HR z Is this the same for athletes? Max HR Max SV (bpm) (ml) Max CO (l/min) Untrained 170 120 20 Trained 195 180 35 Larger CO due to relatively greater increase in SV in athletes 7

Athletes are fitter than most people. z Increase in size of heart in athletes

Athletes are fitter than most people. z Increase in size of heart in athletes is temporary- if intensity of training decreases then heart returns to pre-training size. 8

Questions z 2006 SQA Q 1 in Physiol section to be completed in class.

Questions z 2006 SQA Q 1 in Physiol section to be completed in class. 9