Physical Science Big Idea 10 Forms of Energy

Physical Science Big Idea 10: Forms of Energy Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer and Transformation What is Energy? Department of Mathematics and Science

Big Idea 10: Forms of Energy Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer & Transformation Benchmarks SC. 5. P. 10. 1 - Investigate and describe some basic forms of energy, including light, heat, sound, electrical, chemical, and mechanical. Also Assesses: SC. 5. P. 10. 2 - Investigate and explain that energy has the ability to cause motion or create change. • SC. 4. P. 10. 3 - Investigate and explain that sound is produced by vibrating objects and that pitch depends on how fast or slow the object vibrates. • SC. 4. P. 10. 4 - Describe how moving water and air are sources of energy and can be used to move things. • SC. 3. P. 10. 3 - Demonstrate that light travels in a straight line until it strikes an object or travels from one medium to another. • SC. 3. P. 10. 4 - Demonstrate that light can be reflected, refracted, and absorbed. • SC. 3. P. 11. 1 - Investigate, observe, and explain that things that give off light often also give off heat. • SC. 3. P. 11. 2 - Investigate, observe, and explain that heat is produced when one object rubs against another, such as rubbing one's hands together. Department of Mathematics and Science

Big Idea 10: Forms of Energy Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer & Transformation Benchmarks SC. 5. P. 10. 4 - Investigate and explain that electrical energy can be transformed into heat, light, and sound energy, as well as the energy of motion. Also Assesses: • SC. 3. E. 6. 1 - Demonstrate that radiant energy from the sun can heat objects and when the sun is not present, heat may be lost. • SC. 4. P. 11. 1 - Recognize that heat flows from a hot object to a cold object and that heat flow may cause materials to change temperature. • SC. 4. P. 11. 2 - Identify common materials that conduct heat well or poorly. Department of Mathematics and Science

What is Energy? • Energy is the ability to do work. • Energy is the ability to cause a change. Energy can change an object’s: motion shape temperature color 4 Department of Mathematics and Science

Energy is all around us! – You can hear energy as sound when someone talks. – You can see mechanical energy every time you move. – You can see energy as light from the sun or a lamp. – You can feel it as heat warms things up. Discovery Fundamentals: Energy Makes it Happen Department of Mathematics and Science

What are the Forms of Energy? • • • Electrical Light Sound Chemical Heat/Thermal Mechanical kinetic potential http: //www. childrensuniversity. manchester. ac. uk/interactives/science/energy/ Department of Mathematics and Science

Kinetic Energy due to motion. • Types of kinetic energy • Kinetic energy can change into other forms of energy. Department of Mathematics and Science

Potential Energy Stored energy that could cause change in the future. Potential energy is stored energy--energy ready to go. A lawn mower filled with gasoline, a car on top of a hill, and students waiting to go home from school are all examples of potential energy. Types of potential energy • gravitational • compressed spring • chemical • magnetic Department of Mathematics and Science

Mechanical Energy • Mechanical energy is the energy that is possessed by an object due to its motion or due to its position. Mechanical energy can be either kinetic energy (energy of motion) or potential energy (stored energy of position) • All energy can be in one of two states: potential energy or kinetic energy. ü The amount of mechanical energy depends on the object’s speed and mass. Department of Mathematics and Science

Chemical Energy • Chemical energy is made when substances react and form new substances. • Food, batteries, and fuels such as oil and gasoline are stored chemical energy. • Chemical energy can change to: sound light thermal electrical kinetic Department of Mathematics and Science

What is Sound? • Sound is a form of energy produced by a vibration or a back and forth movement of an object. • Sound is a wave of vibrations that spread from its source of its matter. • The more vibrations the waves have, the more energy, the louder the sound. • The faster the vibrations or the frequency, the higher the sound. • How high or low a sound is called the pitch. Department of Mathematics and Science

What is light? • • • Light is something that allows us to see objects. Light is a form of energy. Light is produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles. Department of Mathematics and Science

Properties of Light • Light travels in a straight path. • Light doesn’t travel through all objects. These are defined as opaque. • Light can be absorbed and changed to heat. Department of Mathematics and Science

Properties of Light Continued • Light bounces off or is reflected from some kinds of opaque objects. • Some objects let all light pass through them are known as: transparent • Some objects let some light pass through them are known as: translucent Department of Mathematics and Science

Bending Light Lab Write down responses on your note page. • Problem: What does light do when it travels from one medium or state of matter (air) through another medium (water)? • Hypothesis: • Test and Observe: Follow steps from the lab sheet. • Conclusion: Department of Mathematics and Science

Light Changes Direction • Light bends or refracts as it passes from one medium (form of matter: solid, liquid or gas) to another. • Refraction of Light Virtual Tutorial Department of Mathematics and Science

What is Thermal Energy? • Thermal energy is the total of all the kinetic and potential energy of the atoms in an object. • When any form of matter gets warmer, the kinetic energy of its atoms increases. • The object’s particles move faster, so its thermal energy increases. • A change in thermal energy can lead to a change in phase or state of matter. • Temperature is a measure of thermal energy. Department of Mathematics and Science

Forms of Energy Forms • Heat/thermal • Electrical • Chemical • Mechanical: potential kinetic • Light /Radiant • • What Happens? Objects warm. Food cooks. Lights on. / Machines run. Organisms move and grow. Flashlights light up. • Sled sits on top of a hill. • Sled slides down the hill. • Plants grow. / Lasers cut. Department of Mathematics and Science

What is the Transformation of Energy? Energy can change and move from one object to another. chemical > electrical > light Where does the energy of a lit light bulb transfer to after the flashlight has been on for a while? Heat energy transfers into the air. Department of Mathematics and Science

Forms of Energy Stationstaions Ø Identify and record the different forms of energy in your science notebook as you rotate throughout the various stations. Reflections: • Describe what you learned in the energy stations. • What was interesting? • What do you want to learn more about? Department of Mathematics and Science

What are some transfers and/or transformations of energy that are taking place in our classroom, in our school or at home? Department of Mathematics and Science

Transformation of Energy A. B. C. Department of Mathematics and Science

Energy Transformation How is energy changing when a toaster is in use? A toaster uses electrical, mechanical, and thermal energy. Department of Mathematics and Science

Energy Interactive Online Resources q. Energy and the Environment: http: //www. childrensuniversity. manchester. ac. uk/interactives/science/energy q. Science for Kids: Sound and Hearing http: //acswebcontent. acs. org/scienceforkids/index. html#Sound Department of Mathematics and Science

Online Energy Videos and More q The Energy Story: http: //energyquest. ca. gov/story/index. html q Mechanical Energy (animation) http: //app. discoveryeducation. com/player/? asset. Guid=2768797 e-a 7 a 0 -45 f 5 -b 7 a 4812 cd 3422 f 7 d&from. My. De=0&is. Printer. Friendly=0&provider=&is. Lesson. From. Health=0&productcode=DETB &is. Assigned=false&include. Header=YES&homework. Guid= • Energy http: //www. energyeducation. tx. gov/energy/section_1/topics/index. htm • Kids and Energy http: //www. kids. esdb. bg/index. html Department of Mathematics and Science

Discovery Resources • • • Fundamental: Energy Makes it Happen Exploration: Forms of Energy E-book: Forms of Energy Video: Sources of Energy Video: What is light? Department of Mathematics and Science