Physical Properties 2 2 Physical Properties A physical

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Physical Properties 2. 2

Physical Properties 2. 2

Physical Properties �A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be

Physical Properties �A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material. �Viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting point, boiling point, and density are examples of physical properties.

Viscosity �The tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing is called its viscosity.

Viscosity �The tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing is called its viscosity. �The greater the viscosity, the slower the liquid moves. �The viscosity of a liquid usually decreases when it is heated (gets runny).

Conductivity �A material’s ability to allow heat to flow is called conductivity. �Materials that

Conductivity �A material’s ability to allow heat to flow is called conductivity. �Materials that have a high conductivity, such as metals, are called conductors. �If a material is a good conductor of heat, it is usually also a good conductor of electricity.

Malleability �Malleability is the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering. �Most

Malleability �Malleability is the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering. �Most metals are malleable.

Melting and Boiling Point �The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to

Melting and Boiling Point �The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid is its melting point. �The temperature at which a substance boils is its boiling point (liquid to gas).

Density �Density can be used to test the purity of a substance. �Density =

Density �Density can be used to test the purity of a substance. �Density = Mass/Volume �The more dense you are, the “heavier” you are.

Using Properties to Identify Materials �Filtration and distillation are two common separation methods used

Using Properties to Identify Materials �Filtration and distillation are two common separation methods used to separate mixtures.

Filtration �Filtration is a process that separates materials based on the size of their

Filtration �Filtration is a process that separates materials based on the size of their particles. �Coffee filter

Distillation �Distillation is a process that separates the substances in a solution based on

Distillation �Distillation is a process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points. �Boiling salt water

Recognizing Physical Changes �A physical change occurs when some of the material remains the

Recognizing Physical Changes �A physical change occurs when some of the material remains the same. �EX: If you slowly heat butter in a pan, it changes from a solid to a liquid, but the substances in the butter do not change.

Recognizing Physical Changes �Some physical changes can be reversed. �EX: ice �Some physical changes

Recognizing Physical Changes �Some physical changes can be reversed. �EX: ice �Some physical changes cannot be reversed. �Peeling an orange