Phylum Nematoda Roundworms monsters inside me roundworms Taxonomy

Phylum Nematoda Roundworms

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Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Nematoda Class Secernentea Class Adenophorea Filarial worms Roundworms Hookworms Pinworms Trichinella worm

General Characteristics 1. Live in every habitable environment on Earth 2. Are the simplest animal with a one-way digestive tract 3. Pseudocoelomates: false body cavity filled with fluid under high pressure 4. Have bilateral symmetry 5. Parasites to many plants and animals 6. Feed on almost anything

Form and Function • Body Plan: Pseudocoelom with true tissues and muscles • Three layers: Ectoderm = cuticle layer: thick outer covering • Mesoderm = muscle layer • Endoderm surrounds gut cavity

Form and Function • Epidermis: (ectoderm) and extremely thick cuticle layer for protection • Hydrostatic skeleton: a fluid-filled, pressurized cavity surrounded by muscle

Digestion • Digestive System: one-way digestive tract with mouth and anus • Mouth pharynx intestines rectum anus

Circulation and Respiration • Circulation: No circulatory system: Cells circulate nutrients and gases • Respiration: gases diffuse though the skin (cuticle layer) • Sensory organs: 2 nerve cords and a pharyngeal nerve ring

Movement • Movement: move by muscle contractions and cilia on the cuticle layer

Reproduction • Dioecious , sexual reproduction and fertilization is internal • Males have a spicule to grab on to the female during mating • Fertilized eggs are stored in the female until they can be deposited in the soil • Eggs have a tough outer shell and can live for years in the soil • One female can lay up to 200, 000 eggs in one day

Life Cycle Stages • There are 4 intermediate stages, some may require an intermediate host

Class Secernentea: Roundworms • Most common worm parasite in humans • Live in warm, tropical regions with poor sanitation • Eggs can survive unhatched in the soil for years • Contracted by eating uncooked, contaminated vegetables • roundworm parasite in toddler

Class Secernentea: Hookworms • Attach to the host’s intestines and suck blood • Can lead to anemia (excessive blood loss) • Contracted through soil, are ingested or can burrow into the skin • parasite from cat scratch

Pinworms • The most common parasite in the United States • Migrate to the anus at night to lay their eggs • Contracted through ingestion or anal contact

Filarial Worms • Example: heart worm in dogs, can infect humans too • Enters tissues and causes elephantitis • Contracted through mosquitoes • dog heartworm • elephantiasis

Class Adenophorea: Trichinella Worm • Cause the deadly disease “trichinosis” • Can affect almost any mammal • Can infect almost any tissue type • Contracted by eating undercooked meat • trichinosis • full monsters inside me

Diagram • Phylum Protozoa – Giardia, Trichomona, amoebas, ciliates, plasmodium, Kinetoplastids, paramecium • Phylum Porifera – Class Calcarea – Class Demospongiae – Class Hexactinellida • Phylum Cnidaria – – Class Anthozoa Class hydrozoa Class Scyphozoa Class Cubozoa • Phylum Platyhelminthes – Class Turbellaria – Class Trematoda – Class Cestoda • Phylum Nematoda – Class Adenophorea – Class Secernentea