Phylum Cnidaria Hydra jellyfish coral sea anemones Phylum

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Phylum Cnidaria Hydra, jellyfish, coral, & sea anemones

Phylum Cnidaria Hydra, jellyfish, coral, & sea anemones

Phylum Cnidaria Examples? • Sea anemones • Corals • Sea Pen • Sea Fan

Phylum Cnidaria Examples? • Sea anemones • Corals • Sea Pen • Sea Fan • Sea Plume • Hydra • Jelly fish • Portuguese Man o’ War • Box Jelly Fish

I. Body Structure A. Polymorphism = more than one body form 1. Polyp 2.

I. Body Structure A. Polymorphism = more than one body form 1. Polyp 2. Medusa

B. Polyp • Tube with tentacles around the mouth • Mouth pointing in upward

B. Polyp • Tube with tentacles around the mouth • Mouth pointing in upward direction. • Sessile (coral) Coral polyp

Polyp (sea anemone)

Polyp (sea anemone)

Mythical Hydra

Mythical Hydra

Polyp (Hydra)

Polyp (Hydra)

Perseus slays the Gorgon Medusa

Perseus slays the Gorgon Medusa

C. Medusa • Umbrella shape • Tentacles around mouth • Mouth pointing downward •

C. Medusa • Umbrella shape • Tentacles around mouth • Mouth pointing downward • Motile, Free-swimming

 • Have D. Tentacles nematocysts (stinging cells) • Coiled thread discharges like a

• Have D. Tentacles nematocysts (stinging cells) • Coiled thread discharges like a harpoon • Contains neurotoxin • Paralyzes prey Discharged nematocyst

Tentacles • Cnidocytes: epidermal cells which are used for attachment, defense, and feeding. •

Tentacles • Cnidocytes: epidermal cells which are used for attachment, defense, and feeding. • May contain dischargeable nematocysts – long tube armed with spines used to penetrate prey

e. Cnidarian Life Cycle Stage 1 – Adult Medusa Stage 2 – Planula larva

e. Cnidarian Life Cycle Stage 1 – Adult Medusa Stage 2 – Planula larva Stage 3 - Polyp

Discharged nematocyst

Discharged nematocyst

II. Level of Organization A. Tissue B. No organs

II. Level of Organization A. Tissue B. No organs

III. Symmetry Radial Compass jellyfish

III. Symmetry Radial Compass jellyfish

IV. Habitat A. Aquatic 1. Most Marine 2. Few fresh-water

IV. Habitat A. Aquatic 1. Most Marine 2. Few fresh-water

V. Feeding A. Carnivores Lion’s mane eats (predators) another jelly B. Process of feeding

V. Feeding A. Carnivores Lion’s mane eats (predators) another jelly B. Process of feeding 1. Tentacles sting prey with nematocysts 2. Tentacles grab prey 3. Prey pulled into mouth

Process of feeding 4. Prey stuffed into gastro-vascular cavity (GVC)* 5. GVC makes enzymes,

Process of feeding 4. Prey stuffed into gastro-vascular cavity (GVC)* 5. GVC makes enzymes, extracellular digestion 6. Undigested food back out mouth *incomplete digestive tract (no anus)

Feeding • Gastrodermis – inner tissue layer derived from endoderm. Cells used for food

Feeding • Gastrodermis – inner tissue layer derived from endoderm. Cells used for food gathering, digestion, and absorption.

Lion’s mane jellyfish eating

Lion’s mane jellyfish eating

VI. Respiration • Via diffusion • Body is two cell layers thick

VI. Respiration • Via diffusion • Body is two cell layers thick

VII. Internal Transport Via diffusion

VII. Internal Transport Via diffusion

VIII. Excretion • Via diffusion

VIII. Excretion • Via diffusion

IX. Response A. No cephalization or nervous system B. Nerve net around mouth

IX. Response A. No cephalization or nervous system B. Nerve net around mouth

IX. Response C. Sensory cells 1. Chemoreceptors (chemicals) 2. Thigmoreceptors (touch) 3. Photoreceptors (light)

IX. Response C. Sensory cells 1. Chemoreceptors (chemicals) 2. Thigmoreceptors (touch) 3. Photoreceptors (light) Ocelli (eyespots) 4. Statocysts (balance)

Response • Rhopalium – sensory receptors in the notches at the margin of the

Response • Rhopalium – sensory receptors in the notches at the margin of the medusa in Aurelia (olfactory, statocyst, photoreceptors) • Nerve Ring – encircles the margin of the medusa in Gonionemus

X. Locomotion A. Medusa motile, free-swimming B. Polyps sessile Exceptions: 1. Hydra tumbles on

X. Locomotion A. Medusa motile, free-swimming B. Polyps sessile Exceptions: 1. Hydra tumbles on tentacles 2. Sea anemones glide on pedal disc

XI. Reproduction 1. Asexual budding from polyps or medusae 2. Sexual a. Medusae release

XI. Reproduction 1. Asexual budding from polyps or medusae 2. Sexual a. Medusae release sperm & eggs b. Some monoecious, some dioecious c. Larvae free-swimming

Reproduction • Gonads – reproductive organs

Reproduction • Gonads – reproductive organs

XII. Ecological Role A. Predators and prey B. Neurotoxins in medical research C. Coral

XII. Ecological Role A. Predators and prey B. Neurotoxins in medical research C. Coral – jewelry, building, reefs (surfing!) D. Coral reefs - habitat for many -great biodiversity - protect coastline E. Symbiosis with other organisms

Cnidaria Body Structure

Cnidaria Body Structure

Cnidaria Body Structure • Manubrium – tubelike structure that hangs from the medusa’s oral

Cnidaria Body Structure • Manubrium – tubelike structure that hangs from the medusa’s oral surface (mouth is found at the end). • Mesoglea – jellylike layer found between the two tissue layers (epidermis and gastrodermis).

Cnidaria Body Structure • Hydrostatic skeleton – water or body fluids confined in a

Cnidaria Body Structure • Hydrostatic skeleton – water or body fluids confined in a cavity of the body and against which contractile elements of the body wall act. • Statocyst – a small sac surrounding a calcium carbonate structure- “Stone” moves in response to the pull of gravity, initiating nerve impulses.

Cnidaria Body Structure • Tentacle – surrounds the mouth. Used for catching prey; contains

Cnidaria Body Structure • Tentacle – surrounds the mouth. Used for catching prey; contains nematocysts. • Mouth – Points downward in medusa form. Upward in polyp form. Food enters through mouth. • Oral disc – area surrounding mouth. Contains openings which permit water to circulate.

Anthozoan Polyp Body Structure • Pedal Disc – found on the bottom of anemones.

Anthozoan Polyp Body Structure • Pedal Disc – found on the bottom of anemones. For some, it is used to glide, but it is also used for asexual reproduction when a piece separates. • Pharynx – connects the mouth to the gastrovascular cavity.

 • Acontia – “Threads” found at the end of mesenterial filaments which contain

• Acontia – “Threads” found at the end of mesenterial filaments which contain cnidocytes. Subdue live prey in the gastrovascular cavity.

Class Anthozoa: Sea Anemones

Class Anthozoa: Sea Anemones

Sea Anemones (with sea urchins)

Sea Anemones (with sea urchins)

Sea Anemones Clown fish with sea anemone

Sea Anemones Clown fish with sea anemone

Clown fish & eggs with sea anemone

Clown fish & eggs with sea anemone

Clown fish with sea anemone

Clown fish with sea anemone

Giant Sea Anemone

Giant Sea Anemone

Rosy Sea Anemone

Rosy Sea Anemone

Class Anthozoa: Corals

Class Anthozoa: Corals

Brain Coral

Brain Coral

Coral

Coral

Colt Coral

Colt Coral

Elkhorn Coral

Elkhorn Coral

Cabbage Coral

Cabbage Coral

Flower Coral

Flower Coral

Feather Coral

Feather Coral

Gorgonian Fan Coral

Gorgonian Fan Coral

Lamellina Coral

Lamellina Coral

Sun Coral

Sun Coral

Subergorgia Coral

Subergorgia Coral

Soft Coral

Soft Coral

Sea Pen

Sea Pen

Sea Fan

Sea Fan

Sea Plume

Sea Plume

Class Hydrozoa: Green Hydra

Class Hydrozoa: Green Hydra

Hydra

Hydra

Brown Hydra with buds

Brown Hydra with buds

Brown Hydra eating

Brown Hydra eating

Hydra eating Daphnia • Hydra eats Daphnia

Hydra eating Daphnia • Hydra eats Daphnia

Class Scyphozoa: True Jellyfish Fried egg jelly

Class Scyphozoa: True Jellyfish Fried egg jelly

Jellyfish

Jellyfish

Jellyfish Red-eyed medusa

Jellyfish Red-eyed medusa

Jellyfish

Jellyfish

Jellyfish

Jellyfish

Jellyfish Lion’s mane

Jellyfish Lion’s mane

Jellyfish Purple lion’s mane

Jellyfish Purple lion’s mane

Upside down Jelly fish

Upside down Jelly fish

Upside down Jelly fish

Upside down Jelly fish

Sea Nettle

Sea Nettle

Jelly and diver

Jelly and diver

Giant Jelly off Coast of Japan

Giant Jelly off Coast of Japan

Beached Jelly fish

Beached Jelly fish

Jelly fish Humor

Jelly fish Humor

Portuguese Man 0’ War (a Hydrozoan), NOT a true jelly fish

Portuguese Man 0’ War (a Hydrozoan), NOT a true jelly fish

Portuguese Man 0’ War Tentacles of Physalia physalis

Portuguese Man 0’ War Tentacles of Physalia physalis

Portuguese Man o’ War vs. Box Jelly fish

Portuguese Man o’ War vs. Box Jelly fish

Class Cubozoa: Box Jellyfish

Class Cubozoa: Box Jellyfish

Chironex fleckeri the Box jelly fish

Chironex fleckeri the Box jelly fish

Phylum Ctenophora • Contains Comb Jellies • Characteristics of Ctenophora: – radial symmetry –

Phylum Ctenophora • Contains Comb Jellies • Characteristics of Ctenophora: – radial symmetry – Gastrovascular cavity – Rows of ciliated bands, called “comb rows” – No nematocysts; Adhesive structures known as colloblasts

Comb Jellies

Comb Jellies