Phylum Cnidaria Hydra jellyfish coral sea anemones Phylum
- Slides: 86
Phylum Cnidaria Hydra, jellyfish, coral, & sea anemones
Phylum Cnidaria Examples? • Sea anemones • Corals • Sea Pen • Sea Fan • Sea Plume • Hydra • Jelly fish • Portuguese Man o’ War • Box Jelly Fish
I. Body Structure A. Polymorphism = more than one body form 1. Polyp 2. Medusa
B. Polyp • Tube with tentacles around the mouth • Mouth pointing in upward direction. • Sessile (coral) Coral polyp
Polyp (sea anemone)
Mythical Hydra
Polyp (Hydra)
Perseus slays the Gorgon Medusa
C. Medusa • Umbrella shape • Tentacles around mouth • Mouth pointing downward • Motile, Free-swimming
• Have D. Tentacles nematocysts (stinging cells) • Coiled thread discharges like a harpoon • Contains neurotoxin • Paralyzes prey Discharged nematocyst
Tentacles • Cnidocytes: epidermal cells which are used for attachment, defense, and feeding. • May contain dischargeable nematocysts – long tube armed with spines used to penetrate prey
e. Cnidarian Life Cycle Stage 1 – Adult Medusa Stage 2 – Planula larva Stage 3 - Polyp
Discharged nematocyst
II. Level of Organization A. Tissue B. No organs
III. Symmetry Radial Compass jellyfish
IV. Habitat A. Aquatic 1. Most Marine 2. Few fresh-water
V. Feeding A. Carnivores Lion’s mane eats (predators) another jelly B. Process of feeding 1. Tentacles sting prey with nematocysts 2. Tentacles grab prey 3. Prey pulled into mouth
Process of feeding 4. Prey stuffed into gastro-vascular cavity (GVC)* 5. GVC makes enzymes, extracellular digestion 6. Undigested food back out mouth *incomplete digestive tract (no anus)
Feeding • Gastrodermis – inner tissue layer derived from endoderm. Cells used for food gathering, digestion, and absorption.
Lion’s mane jellyfish eating
VI. Respiration • Via diffusion • Body is two cell layers thick
VII. Internal Transport Via diffusion
VIII. Excretion • Via diffusion
IX. Response A. No cephalization or nervous system B. Nerve net around mouth
IX. Response C. Sensory cells 1. Chemoreceptors (chemicals) 2. Thigmoreceptors (touch) 3. Photoreceptors (light) Ocelli (eyespots) 4. Statocysts (balance)
Response • Rhopalium – sensory receptors in the notches at the margin of the medusa in Aurelia (olfactory, statocyst, photoreceptors) • Nerve Ring – encircles the margin of the medusa in Gonionemus
X. Locomotion A. Medusa motile, free-swimming B. Polyps sessile Exceptions: 1. Hydra tumbles on tentacles 2. Sea anemones glide on pedal disc
XI. Reproduction 1. Asexual budding from polyps or medusae 2. Sexual a. Medusae release sperm & eggs b. Some monoecious, some dioecious c. Larvae free-swimming
Reproduction • Gonads – reproductive organs
XII. Ecological Role A. Predators and prey B. Neurotoxins in medical research C. Coral – jewelry, building, reefs (surfing!) D. Coral reefs - habitat for many -great biodiversity - protect coastline E. Symbiosis with other organisms
Cnidaria Body Structure
Cnidaria Body Structure • Manubrium – tubelike structure that hangs from the medusa’s oral surface (mouth is found at the end). • Mesoglea – jellylike layer found between the two tissue layers (epidermis and gastrodermis).
Cnidaria Body Structure • Hydrostatic skeleton – water or body fluids confined in a cavity of the body and against which contractile elements of the body wall act. • Statocyst – a small sac surrounding a calcium carbonate structure- “Stone” moves in response to the pull of gravity, initiating nerve impulses.
Cnidaria Body Structure • Tentacle – surrounds the mouth. Used for catching prey; contains nematocysts. • Mouth – Points downward in medusa form. Upward in polyp form. Food enters through mouth. • Oral disc – area surrounding mouth. Contains openings which permit water to circulate.
Anthozoan Polyp Body Structure • Pedal Disc – found on the bottom of anemones. For some, it is used to glide, but it is also used for asexual reproduction when a piece separates. • Pharynx – connects the mouth to the gastrovascular cavity.
• Acontia – “Threads” found at the end of mesenterial filaments which contain cnidocytes. Subdue live prey in the gastrovascular cavity.
Class Anthozoa: Sea Anemones
Sea Anemones (with sea urchins)
Sea Anemones Clown fish with sea anemone
Clown fish & eggs with sea anemone
Clown fish with sea anemone
Giant Sea Anemone
Rosy Sea Anemone
Class Anthozoa: Corals
Brain Coral
Coral
Colt Coral
Elkhorn Coral
Cabbage Coral
Flower Coral
Feather Coral
Gorgonian Fan Coral
Lamellina Coral
Sun Coral
Subergorgia Coral
Soft Coral
Sea Pen
Sea Fan
Sea Plume
Class Hydrozoa: Green Hydra
Hydra
Brown Hydra with buds
Brown Hydra eating
Hydra eating Daphnia • Hydra eats Daphnia
Class Scyphozoa: True Jellyfish Fried egg jelly
Jellyfish
Jellyfish Red-eyed medusa
Jellyfish
Jellyfish
Jellyfish Lion’s mane
Jellyfish Purple lion’s mane
Upside down Jelly fish
Upside down Jelly fish
Sea Nettle
Jelly and diver
Giant Jelly off Coast of Japan
Beached Jelly fish
Jelly fish Humor
Portuguese Man 0’ War (a Hydrozoan), NOT a true jelly fish
Portuguese Man 0’ War Tentacles of Physalia physalis
Portuguese Man o’ War vs. Box Jelly fish
Class Cubozoa: Box Jellyfish
Chironex fleckeri the Box jelly fish
Phylum Ctenophora • Contains Comb Jellies • Characteristics of Ctenophora: – radial symmetry – Gastrovascular cavity – Rows of ciliated bands, called “comb rows” – No nematocysts; Adhesive structures known as colloblasts
Comb Jellies
- Hydra anemone
- Filum cnidaria
- Un acidente
- Immortal jellyfish order
- Box jellyfish
- Cnidarian
- Life cycle of obelia
- General characteristics of cnidaria
- Characteristics of cnidaria
- Reproduction in obelia
- Phylum cnidaria general characteristics
- Kingdom animalia phylum cnidaria
- Coral reef food chain
- Coral reef phylum
- Sea stack sea arch
- What is asias largest desert
- Led soldiers across hellespont into anatolia
- What does the sea symbolize in the old man and the sea
- Hydra ocr
- Hydra repository alternative
- Hydra beauty gerät
- Que es la digestion extracelular
- Micro hydro power
- Rusty duck garage
- Hydra minerva
- Afourchamberedheart hydra
- Hydra
- Hydra kernel
- Porifera symmetry
- Thru the lock forcible entry
- Hydra iptv
- Good games
- Hydra
- Hydra tutorial
- Hydra penetration testing
- How many heads does a hydra have
- Sponges
- Radial symmetry
- Simetri tubuh lintah
- Central and peripheral nervous system
- Hydra berkembang biak dengan cara
- Type of phylum
- Sea sponge phylum
- Phylum of polar bear
- Clado deuterostomia
- Characteristics jellyfish
- Mollusca class
- 8 phyla of invertebrates
- Jellyfish
- Box jellyfish
- Box jellyfish
- Adaptation of jellyfish
- Moon jellyfish taxonomy
- Different types of symmetry
- Shin kubota
- Rain
- Jellyfish identification
- Jellyfish networking data centers randomly
- Mar menor medusas
- Jellyfish shoes
- Blue blockers anto
- Coelenterata jellyfish
- White spotted jellyfish scientific name
- Gmo
- Box jellyfish
- Box jellyfish
- Sponge cladogram
- What do jellyfish eat
- Four handed box jellyfish
- Jellyfish and plastic bag
- Helicopter how many syllables
- Jellyfish mouth
- Cnidaria
- Total transformation lab
- Cnidaria
- Coral phyla
- Metagênese
- What are the two body forms of cnidarians
- Cestoda
- Major phyla
- Sponges concept map
- Cnidarians and sponges
- Cnidaria main characteristics
- Cnidaria tree
- Mesogleia
- Skeletozooid
- Sistem reproduksi