Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum CRUSTACEA Phylum Arthropoda Arthro Joint

Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum CRUSTACEA

Phylum Arthropoda • Arthro = Joint, Poda = Appendages, feet • Account for over 80% of all known living animal species. • Presence of metamerism (=serial segmentation) – Shared characteristic with the annelids 2 Distinct characteristics: 1. Fusion, reduction, and specialization of initial segments resulting into discrete, functional units Tagmata (one tagma) – e. g. head, thorax, abdomen, cephalothorax 2. Specialization of appendages – e. g. pedipalps, chelicera

Phylum Arthropoda • • • Protostomate Triploblastic True coelom (Hemocoel = reduced coelom) Coelom filled with “blood” (Hemolymph) Open circulatory system Bilateral symmetry Cephalization Complete digestive system Striated muscle (for rapid movement) Exoskeleton made of chitin (protection + support)

Phylum Arthropoda Arthropods along with tardigrades (water bears), nematodes (round worms), onychophores (velvet worms), and other groups belong to the clade Ecdysozoa • Belong to phylogenetic clade: Ecdysozoa – Ecdysis (= moulting of the cuticula in many invertebrates) http: //www. ucmp. berkeley. edu/phyla/ecdysozoa. html

Phylum Arthropoda • Subphylum Chelicerata – Class Merostomata – Class Pycnogonida – Class Arachnida • • Order Amblypygi Order Scorpiones Order Pseudoscorpionida Order Acari Order Solifugae Order Uropygi Order Opiliones Order Araneae • Subphylum Myriapoda – Class Diplopoda – Class Chilopoda • Subphylum Crustacea – Class Malacostraca • • Order Decapoda Order Amphipoda – Class Branchiopoda • Order Anostraca • Order Cladocera – Class Maxillopoda • Order Ostracoda • Order Copepoda • Order Cirripedia • Subphylum Hexapoda – Class Insecta • • • • Order Orthoptera Order Blatoddea Order Diptera Order Coleoptera Order Collembola Order Odonata Order Isoptera Order Mantodea Order Hemiptera Order Lepidoptera Order Himenoptera Order Phasmatida Order Siphonaptera Order Phthiraptera

Subfilum Crustaceans includes crabs, shrimps, lobsters, etc… Key characteristics of the subphylum: * Head (cephalon) with 5 pairs of appendages; including 2 pairs of antennae, 1 pair of mandibles, 2 pairs of maxillae * Trunk usually divided into cephalothorax and abdomen * Appendages mostly biramous * Have compound eyes (often on stalks) and ocelli * Predominantly marine; some fresh water or terrestrial * Unique nauplius larva * Taxonomic note: Crustacea is likely paraphyletic * Exoesqueleton made of chitin and calcium carbonate

Subphylum Crustacea: Crayfish/ Lobster – Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea • Clase Malacostraca, Orden Decapoda • Genus: Cambarus (Crayfish lobster) Crayfish are found in freshwater streams and ponds worldwide. Are omnivorous. Introduced crayfish are known to harm biological communities. * One pair of anterior clawed appendages * Carapace well developed * Marine, freshwater, and terrestrial (few)

Females have a small opening (seminal receptacle) between the latter pairs of legs. Males have small gonopod legs used to transfer sperm to the female. http: //faculty. orangecoastcollege. edu/mperkins/zoo-review/crayfish 2. html

Suphylum Crustacea: crabs – Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea • Class Malacostraca, Order Decapoda • Crabs * Male female

Crustacea 1. Diseccion: la anatomia interna, recuerde que su Phylum: observe Arthropoda Subphylum: Crustacea diseccion es evaluada por su instructor. Haga un buen trabajo. • Class: Malacostraca, Order: Amphipoda • Genus: Gammarus * Scuds * Carapace absent * Laterally compressed * Humpbacked appearance * Marine and fresh water (some semiterrestrial)

Crustacea: Brine shrimps – Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea • Class Branchiopoda, Order Anostraca • Genus: Artemia * brine shrimp * Numerous (up to 19) swimming appendages * Lack a carapace * Many in hypersaline environments or vernal pools brine pools

Crustacea: fairy shrimp 1. Diseccion: observe la anatomia interna, recuerde que su – Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea diseccion es. Branchiopoda, evaluada por Order su instructor. Haga un buen trabajo. • Class Anostraca • Genus: Eubranchipus • Fairy shrimp • Male shrimp possess an enlarged second antenna used to clasp the female during mating.

Crustacea: water fleas – Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea • Class Branchiopoda, Order Cladocera • Genus: Daphnia * Water Fleas * Large folded carapace is not hinged * Body segmentation reduced * Use enlarged antennae for locomotion * Large central compound eye

Crustacea 1. Diseccion: observe la anatomia interna, recuerde que su – Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea diseccion es. Maxillopoda, evaluada por. Order su instructor. • Class Ostracoda. Haga un buen trabajo. • Genus: Cypris-Ostracodo * Almost completely enclosed within hinged, bivalved carapace * Overall seed or bean-shaped appearance * No more than 2 pairs of post-cephalic appendages * Most are tiny (<2 mm)

Crustacea – Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea • Class Maxillopoda, Order Copepoda • Genus: Cyclops * Lack carapace, but have cephalic shield * Small (<2 mm) * Single median eye * 6 thoracic and 5 abdominal segments * No abdominal appendages or gills * Mostly marine, planktonic drifters

Crustacea 1. Diseccion: observe la anatomia interna, recuerde que su – Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea diseccion es. Maxillopoda, evaluada por. Order su instructor. • Class Cirripedia Haga un buen trabajo. * Sessile; attach to various surfaces as adults * Attach with ventral surface up * Most secrete thick calcium carbonate shell * Head reduced; abdomen absent * Thoracic legs modified for suspension feeding (cirri) * Some species are parasitic