Phylum Arthropoda JOINTED LEGS Euglossa Bazinga http www

Phylum Arthropoda “JOINTED LEGS”

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Characteristics of Arthropods �Modified segmentation – body regions specialized for specific functions (tagmatization). �Chitinous exoskeleton used for support and protection �Paired, jointed appendages �Growth accompanied by molting (ecdysis)

Characteristics of Arthropods �Ventral nervous system �Reduced coelom �Open circulatory system where blood is released into tissue spaces (hemocoel) �Complete digestive tract �Metamorphosis often present

Exoskeleton of Chitin Must molt to fit as animal grows larger External, jointed skeleton which encloses arthropods Provides support, protection, and prevents water loss System of levers for muscle attachment and movement Secreted by epidermal cells

Segmentation

Muscles and Movement: complex muscular system – both smooth and striated strong muscle contractions – fast, active movements - muscle strength to body weight ratio of flea greater than that of humans!

Jointed Appendages

Gills, Compound Eyes, etc.

Respiratory features efficient respiratory structures – gills, tracheal tubes, book lungs, spiracles

Internal Features (cont. ) open circulatory systems – has heart and arteries but vessels are open-ended; blood flows out among tissues: there are large open spaces loosely filled with tissues, sinuses, and blood

Internal features complex digestive system and digestive glands to produce enzymes Malphighian tubules – used to excrete wastes into intestine

Mandibles mandibles – jaws that hold, chew, suck, or bite

Spiders

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Spider chelicerae Act as fangs or pincers to hold food

Pedipalps act as sensors or handle food

Funnel Web

Orb Web

Spinnerets

Spider Reproduction

Brown Recluse

Black Widow Spider

Scorpion

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Tick

Eyelash Mite

Plant Mites

II. Merostomata – horseshoe crabs “living fossils” – little change in 500 million yrs, much like extinct trilobites large heavy exoskeletons, live on ocean floor

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Crustacea Crayfish external anatomy

Crustacea Crayfish head

Crustacea Crayfish Mouthparts

Crayfish Feeding

Crayfish Brooding

Crayfish Molting

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Subphylum Myriapoda �Four classes, two major: Diplopoda- 2 pairs of legs per segment, body round in cross section. Millipedes Chilopoda-1 pair of legs per segment, body oval in cross section, poison claws. Centipedes

Pink Dragon Millipede Scolopendra gigantea Vietnamese Centipede House Centipede

Garden Centipede

Centipede – Poison Claw/Fang

Diplopoda - Millipedes

Giant African Millipede

Insecta

Class Insecta � 30 Orders within Class Insecta! �Common features an adult Insect is characterized by: Body divided into head, thorax, abdomen Three pairs of legs Wings

Insect Body Parts

Compound Eyes

Complete Metamorphosis larva pupa adult in ants, beetles, flies, moths, butterflies Larva – free-living & wormlike eats, grows, & molts Pupa – most in cocoon while tissues & organs of larva broken down and replaced by adult tissues Adult – emerges from pupa, ready to reproduce

Reduces competition between adults and immature stages Ex: Larval crabs feed on plankton, adult crabs prowl sandy bottoms for live prey. Ex: Caterpillar feeds on leafy vegetables, adult butterfly feeds on nectar from flowers.

Incomplete Metamorphosis egg nymph adult Nymph smaller version of adult, not sexually mature; occurs in grasshoppers and cockroaches

Mouthparts

Insect Legs

Wings

Sensory Organs

Sensory Organs

Excretion �Primary excretory structures-Malphigian tubules and the rectum �Malphigian tubules remove nitrogenous wastes from hemocoel �The rectum excretes uric acid, which reduces water loss but uses most of the energy the insect gets from food.

Queen Bee – marked white

Worker Bee

Drone Bee

Waggle Dance Waggle dance