Phylum Arthropoda JOINTED LEGS Euglossa Bazinga http www
Phylum Arthropoda “JOINTED LEGS”
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Characteristics of Arthropods �Modified segmentation – body regions specialized for specific functions (tagmatization). �Chitinous exoskeleton used for support and protection �Paired, jointed appendages �Growth accompanied by molting (ecdysis)
Characteristics of Arthropods �Ventral nervous system �Reduced coelom �Open circulatory system where blood is released into tissue spaces (hemocoel) �Complete digestive tract �Metamorphosis often present
Exoskeleton of Chitin Must molt to fit as animal grows larger External, jointed skeleton which encloses arthropods Provides support, protection, and prevents water loss System of levers for muscle attachment and movement Secreted by epidermal cells
Segmentation
Muscles and Movement: complex muscular system – both smooth and striated strong muscle contractions – fast, active movements - muscle strength to body weight ratio of flea greater than that of humans!
Jointed Appendages
Gills, Compound Eyes, etc.
Respiratory features efficient respiratory structures – gills, tracheal tubes, book lungs, spiracles
Internal Features (cont. ) open circulatory systems – has heart and arteries but vessels are open-ended; blood flows out among tissues: there are large open spaces loosely filled with tissues, sinuses, and blood
Internal features complex digestive system and digestive glands to produce enzymes Malphighian tubules – used to excrete wastes into intestine
Mandibles mandibles – jaws that hold, chew, suck, or bite
Spiders
�Class Arachnida
Spider chelicerae Act as fangs or pincers to hold food
Pedipalps act as sensors or handle food
Funnel Web
Orb Web
Spinnerets
Spider Reproduction
Brown Recluse
Black Widow Spider
Scorpion
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Tick
Eyelash Mite
Plant Mites
II. Merostomata – horseshoe crabs “living fossils” – little change in 500 million yrs, much like extinct trilobites large heavy exoskeletons, live on ocean floor
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Crustacea Crayfish external anatomy
Crustacea Crayfish head
Crustacea Crayfish Mouthparts
Crayfish Feeding
Crayfish Brooding
Crayfish Molting
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Subphylum Myriapoda �Four classes, two major: Diplopoda- 2 pairs of legs per segment, body round in cross section. Millipedes Chilopoda-1 pair of legs per segment, body oval in cross section, poison claws. Centipedes
Pink Dragon Millipede Scolopendra gigantea Vietnamese Centipede House Centipede
Garden Centipede
Centipede – Poison Claw/Fang
Diplopoda - Millipedes
Giant African Millipede
Insecta
Class Insecta � 30 Orders within Class Insecta! �Common features an adult Insect is characterized by: Body divided into head, thorax, abdomen Three pairs of legs Wings
Insect Body Parts
Compound Eyes
Complete Metamorphosis larva pupa adult in ants, beetles, flies, moths, butterflies Larva – free-living & wormlike eats, grows, & molts Pupa – most in cocoon while tissues & organs of larva broken down and replaced by adult tissues Adult – emerges from pupa, ready to reproduce
Reduces competition between adults and immature stages Ex: Larval crabs feed on plankton, adult crabs prowl sandy bottoms for live prey. Ex: Caterpillar feeds on leafy vegetables, adult butterfly feeds on nectar from flowers.
Incomplete Metamorphosis egg nymph adult Nymph smaller version of adult, not sexually mature; occurs in grasshoppers and cockroaches
Mouthparts
Insect Legs
Wings
Sensory Organs
Sensory Organs
Excretion �Primary excretory structures-Malphigian tubules and the rectum �Malphigian tubules remove nitrogenous wastes from hemocoel �The rectum excretes uric acid, which reduces water loss but uses most of the energy the insect gets from food.
Queen Bee – marked white
Worker Bee
Drone Bee
Waggle Dance Waggle dance
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