Phylum and Subclasses Phylum Mammalia Subclasses Monotremes Lay

Phylum and Subclasses • Phylum: Mammalia • Subclasses: Monotremes – Lay eggs • Marsupials – Very immature young, females usually have pouches • Placentals – Develop young in placenta when unborn

Mammal Subclasses

Subgroups • Orders – – – – – Monotremata (Platypus) Didelphinorphia (Opossum) Paucituberculata (Shrew) Microbiotheria (Colocolo) Dasyuromorphia (Tasmanian Devil) Peramelemorphia (Bandicoot) Notoryctemorphia (Marsupial Mole) Diprotodonta (Kangaroo) Xenarthra (Armadillo) Pholidota (Pangolin)

Subgroups Continued • Lagmorpha (Rabbit) • • Rodonetia (Rat) • • Macroscelidae (Elephant • Shrew) • • Insectivora (Hedgehog) • • Scandentia (Treeshrew) • • Primates (Gorilla) • • Dermoptera (Cobego) • • Chiroptera (Bat) Carnivora (Weasel) Tubulidentata (Aardvark) Artiodactyla (Giraffe) Cetacea (Whale) Perissodactyla (Horse) Hyracoidea (Hyrax) Proboscidea (Elephant) Sirenia (Manatee)

Habitat and Food Source Can live anywhere from oceans to deserts to the Arctic Food source can be anything Includes: • Carnivores- meat only • Herbivores- plants only • Omnivores- plants and meat

Importance to Humans • Humans are mammals themselves • Provide a food source (meat products) • Pets (dogs, cats, horses, e. g. )

Unique Characteristics • • • All have hair or fur Large complex brains Backbone Developed senses Some can swim Visual, vocal, and/or olfactory means of communication • Family and social groups • Most diverse group

For More Unique Characteristics of Mammals

Support Structures • All have endoskeletons – Endoskeleton is a skeleton inside the body • Are made of bones • Backbone • Some have tails for balance

Respiration or Gas Exchange • Receive oxygen, release carbon dioxide • Lungs support the high Metabolic Rate • Lungs have Alveoli (Gas Sacs) – Humans have 300, 000 Alveoli • Have a diaphragm – Moves air in and out

Reproductive System • • • Reproduce sexually Have a penis or uterus Some lay eggs Most have placentas Life cycle is: – Birth >> growth >> death

Nervous/Sensory System • All have a large complex brain • All have a backbone • Spinal cords which connect to muscles, organs and skin • Nerves give them feeling

Circulatory System • Warm blooded • Blood carried from heart to the rest of the body and back to the heart • Vessels used to transport • Pump pushes blood (heartbeat)

Video

Excretory System • Blood flows to Kidney • Ureter drains kidney • Kidney drains into urinary bladder • Urine exits bladder through urethra

Digestive System • Substance is transported to stomach with esophagus • Stomach secretes gastric acids to kill bacteria and break down substance • Small Intestine does most of absorption of substance • Large Intestine at end of small intestine gathers water lost in previous processes • Waste is stored in the rectum until it is released

Examples

Works Cited • Bowen, Richard. “Digestive System Anatomy. ” About. com. 2008. 27 Mar. 2008 <http: //www. about. com>. • Carter, J. Stein. “Respiratory System. ” UC. edu. 2004. 2 Apr. 2008 <http: //biology. clc. uc. edu>. • Encyclopedia Britannica. “Respiration: Mammals. ” Britannica. com. 2008. 2 Apr. 2008 <http: //www. britannica. com>. • Enriched Learning. “All About Mammals. ” Enrichedlearning. com. 2002. 6 Apr. 2008 <http: //www. enrichedlearning. com>. • Miller, Kenneth R. and Joseph Levine. Biology: The Living Science. ” Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998. 729736. • Ramel, Gordon. “The Mammalian Skeleton. ” Earth Life. 7 Jan. 2008. 27 Mar. 2008 <http: //www. earthlife. net>. • Whitfield, Philip. Animals: Mammals. 1 ed. 3 vols. New York, NY: Macmillan. Library Reference, 1999.