Phrases Day 1 Grammar Bootcamp Phrases l A
Phrases Day 1 Grammar Bootcamp
Phrases l A group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and does not contain both a verb and its subject. l 1. 2. 3. Examples: on time broken into thousands of pieces because of her horribly smelling shoes
Four types l Prepositional – l Participial – l Adj. Gerund – l Adj. or Adv. Noun Infinitive – Noun, Adj, or Adv Verbalsverbs used as adj, adv, or nouns
1: Prepositional Phrase l. A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun. l Functions as an Adjective or Adverb
Common Preposition about above across after against around at before behind below beneath besides between beyond by down during except for from in inside into like near of off on outside over since throughout till to toward under until up upon without according to because of by way of in addition to in front of in place of in regard to in spite of instead of on account of out of
Prepositional Phrases: Adverbs Adjectives l Modifies a noun or a pronoun – – – The cottages by the lake are quite picturesque. The picture of the candidate is not at all flattering. Ask What kind? How many? Or Which one? l Modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb – – – The mole burrowed under the lawn. After dinner, we went to the store. How? When? Where? To what degree? or Why?
2: The Gerund Phrase l First! What is a Gerund? – A Gerund is a verb form ending in – ing that is used as a noun.
From the Word to the Gerund Phrase l. A Gerund phrase consists of a gerund any modifiers and complements it may have. The entire gerund phrase acts as a noun. – Writing papers proved beneficial to the students. (Subject) – We eventually enjoyed going to English class. (Direct Object)
3: Participial Phrase l First! – What is a participle? a verb form that can be used as an adjective instead of a verb – The sparkling necklace caught my eyes. l“sparkling” can be used as a verb, but here it is being used as an adjective.
2 Kinds of Participles Past Participles – Most participles end in –d or – ed. l. The startled burglar was led away. l Present Participles – End in – ing l. The smiling graduates posed for the photographer. l
3: Participial Phrase A participle phrase consists of a participle and any complements or modifiers it may have. l The entire participle phrase acts as an adjective that modifies a noun or pronoun. – Climbing the tree, the monkey disappeared into the branches. l
Gerunds vs. Participles l Crying with happiness, the student finished his homework. – – – Participial phrase-Answers the question, how did the student finish his homework? Works as an adjective or adverb, not a noun. Can you put an adverb in front of it? l – Quietly crying with happiness…- Yes, so it is a participle Note the phrase can be omitted, and the sentence still makes sense.
Gerunds vs. Participles l He enjoyed growing a beard. – Works as noun. – If the phrase is omitted, the sentence no longer makes sense.
4: The Infinitive Phrase l “TO” + the basic form of a verb = an infinitive – To walk – To eat – To sleep An infinitive + modifiers = infinitive phrase
Infinitive Phrases l Can function as Noun, Adjective, or Adverb – Many girls like to buy frilly things. – Noun - DO – Now is a good time to master the art of kung fu. – Adjective – I exercise to eat unhealthy. - Adverb
- Slides: 15