Phrasal verbs Normal English verb that is followed

Phrasal verbs Normal English verb that is followed by a small adverb – “adverb particle” Particularly common in informal writing and speech

Adverb particles and prepositions Words like down, in, up are not always prepositions = have an object f. ex. “I ran down the road. ” “She jumped off the wall. ” adverbs = no objects f. ex. “Sit down. ” “Did you switch the lights off? ”

Adverb particles and prepositions • Typical adverb particles and prepositions: • above, about, across, ahead, along, around, aside, away • back, before, behind, below, by • forward, in, home, near, off, on, out, over, past, through, under, up

Exceptions • Only adverb particles: • back, away • Only prepositions: • from, during

Types of phrasal verbs Literal and idiomatic meaning • Literal meaning (almost same or similar meaning to the original verb) • “Take off your shoes before you come in. ” • Idiomatic meaning (new meaning completely different from the original verb) • “We took off in the middle of the storm. ”

Types of phrasal verbs Two or three-part verbs • Two-part verbs • deal with, get over, head for, join in … • Three-part verbs • • catch up with cut down on drop in on get on/along with, get back to, go up to keep up with live up to look forward to, look out for, look out onto • put up with • run out of

Types of phrasal verbs Transitive and intransitive verbs • Transitive verbs (have • Intransitive verbs (do an object) not have an object) • “He left her, but she is • “I got up at 7 a. m. ” getting over it. ” • “The plane took off. ” • “I´ll pick you up at 4. ”

Types of phrasal verbs Transitive inseparable and separable verbs • Inseparable verbs (object comes after the phrasal verb) • “Could you deal with it, please? ” • Separable verbs • object phrases tend to be put after the particle/preposition • “We brought up this child. ” • pronouns are always put in between • “We brought her up. ”

Hints to learn phrasal verbs A • Choose an adverb particle and find verbs that could be connected with it • f. ex. along – bring along, come along, get along • Choose a verb and find as many particles as possible • f. ex. bring – along, in, out

Hints to learn phrasal verbs B • Study every new phrasal verb carefully, look at the context of use, check the meaning/meanings

Literature: Bakalářová, N. : Anglická gramatika (ARSCI, 2005) Gráf, T. , Peters, S. : Nová cvičebnice anglické gramatiky (Polyglot, 1998) Swan, M. : Practical English Usage (Oxford University Press, 2009) Vince, M. : Intermediate Language Practice with key (Macmillan, 2003)

Internet sources: www. englishpage. com www. eslcafe. com www. usingenglish. com www. learn-english-today. com/phrasal-verbs www. helpforenglish. cz/gramatika/slovesa