PHOTOSYNTHESIS What is the MAIN purpose of photosynthesis

PHOTOSYNTHESIS What is the MAIN purpose of photosynthesis?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS What is the MAIN purpose of photosynthesis? To make: GLUCOSE (food) Carbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen

What organisms can make their own food?

What organisms can make their own food? AUTOTROPHS (PRODUCERS) Auto=self Troph=feeder Example: Plants

What organisms must obtain their food?

What organisms must obtain their food? HETEROTROPHS (CONSUMERS) Hetero=different Troph=feeder Examples: Mushrooms, cows, bacteria, humans, fish, birds

• How is energy stored and released from ATP? • Where is the chemical bond broken to release energy?

• • How is energy stored and released from ATP? Where is the chemical bond broken to release energy? Energy is stored in chemical bonds and released when bond is broken between 2 nd & 3 rd Phosphate groups. 1 2 3

Why is ATP compared to a battery?

ATP contains energy like a battery ADP + P (Uncharged Battery) 2 phosphate groups has low energy ATP (Charged Battery) 3 phosphate groups has high energy

What color wavelengths are best for photosynthesis?

What color wavelengths are best for photosynthesis? VIOLET & BLUE

What is important about absorbed and reflected light?

Green is reflected by the green chlorophyll (pigment/ protein) Absorbed Light is Used Light!!!

Which kind of wavelength has more energy? Longer? or Shorter?

Which kind of wavelength has more energy? Longer or Shorter

What are pigments? What do pigments do?

What are pigments? What do pigments do? Pigments are proteins! Pigments absorb light!

What makes plants green?

What makes plants green? CHLOROPHYLL (Pigment)

What are the 3 reactants in the photosynthesis chemical reaction? Think: What 3 things are needed to make a plant grow?

What are the 3 reactants in the photosynthesis chemical reaction? • Sunlight • H₂O • CO₂

What is the equation for photosynthesis? _____+ _____ → _______ + ___ REACTANTS → PRODUCTS

What is the equation for photosynthesis? YOU MUST KNOW THIS CHEMICAL REACTION!!!!! REACTANTS → PRODUCTS

What is oxygen in the photosynthesis process?

What is oxygen in the photosynthesis process? WASTE PRODUCT!!

Scientists of Photosynthesis

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Who conducted the experiment that determined plant growth needed water and was important part of photosynthesis equation? CO 2 + H₂O → Sunlight → C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2

Van Helmont Hint: “H” for H 2 O CO 2 + H₂O → Sunlight → C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Van Helmont’s experiment concluded that the plant must have gotten its additional mass from H 2 O since that was all that the plant received.

Who conducted the experiment that determined plants release oxygen (O₂) and was an important part of the photosynthesis equation? CO 2 + H₂O → Sunlight → C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2

Priestly (Think: Priests put candles in churches) CO 2 + H 2 O → Sunlight → C 6 H 12 O 6 + O₂ Priestly found the plant released OXYGEN from his experiment keeping mouse and flame alive.

Potato is used as the control Who conducted the experiment that determined plants need sunlight and was an important part of the photosynthesis equation?

Ingenhouz Hint: think “light house” CO 2 + H 2 O → Sunlight → C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Ingenhouz repeated Priestly’s experiment but tried it with and without sunlight to see if that was necessary. He found sunlight was an important part of photosynthesis.

Who conducted the experiment that determined that photosynthesis had a cycle that created glucose from CO₂ and was an important part of the photosynthesis equation? CO₂ ? GLUCOSE

CO₂ GLUCOSE Calvin CO 2 + H 2 O → Sunlight → C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Calvin came up with the Calvin Cycle and showed how plants take ATP and NADPH to change CO 2 →C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose)

What is this organelle?

Complete this diagram of photosynthesis

CO₂ H₂O SUNLIGHT Uncharged Batteries Calvin Cycle Thylakoids Light Dependent Reaction ATP Light Independent Reaction NADPH Charged Batteries PRODUCTS GLUCOSE + OXYGEN O₂ (waste product) C₆ H₁₂ O₂ (glucose) REACTANTS CO 2 + H 2 O + ENERGY

LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION (NEEDS SUNLIGHT) WHY IS SUNLIGHT NEEDED?

LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION (NEEDS SUNLIGHT) WHY IS SUNLIGHT NEEDED? To break down, BLOW UP WATER (H 2 O) to make ATP & NADPH (energy)

How is energy carried in ATP? How is energy carried in NADPH?

How is energy carried in ATP? How is energy carried in NADPH? In the CHEMICAL BOND of the ATP molecule In the H+ Protons and Electrons

LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION (DOES NOT NEED SUNLIGHT BUT CAN TAKE PLACE IN SUNLIGHT) Where does Glucose C₆H₁₂O₆ get its carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the Calvin Cycle? Glucose C₆H₁₂O₆

LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION (DOES NOT NEED SUNLIGHT BUT CAN TAKE PLACE IN SUNLIGHT) Where does Glucose C₆H₁₂O₆ get its carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the Calvin Cycle? From CO 2 + NADPH Glucose C₆H₁₂O₆

Where does the Calvin Cycle (Light Independent Reaction) take place? CO₂ 12 PGA Ru. BP CALVIN CYCLE 10 10 PGAL 2 PGAL GLUCOSE 12 PGAL

Where does the Calvin Cycle (Light Independent Reaction) take place? STROMA CO₂ 12 PGA Ru. BP CALVIN CYCLE 10 10 PGAL 2 PGAL GLUCOSE The area (space) located outside the Thylakoids in the chloroplast. 12 PGAL “The Stroma is the space where the cycle takes place. ”

Must know the flow of carbon molecules through the Calvin Cycle CO₂ 12 PGA Ru. BP Energy needed to rearrange PGA into PGAL CALVIN CYCLE 10 10 PGAL 12 PGAL Purpose of photosynthesis to make Glucose GLUCOSE

Must know the flow of carbon molecules through the Calvin Cycle Let’s simplify it!!! Ru. BP CO₂ CALVIN CYCLE 10 PGAL PGA ATP & NADPH (Energy) 2 PGAL GLUCOSE C₆H₁₂O₆

How many times does the Calvin Cycle go around to make glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)? CO₂ 12 PGA Ru. BP CALVIN CYCLE 10 10 PGAL 2 PGAL GLUCOSE 12 PGAL

How many times does the Calvin Cycle go around to make glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)? CO₂ 12 PGA Ru. BP CALVIN CYCLE 10 10 PGAL 2 PGAL GLUCOSE 12 PGAL