Photosynthesis Review Chapter 8 Slide show by Kelly

Photosynthesis Review Chapter 8 Slide show by Kelly Riedell/Brookings Biology

Plants “look green” because they reflect _______ green wavelengths of light. absorb reflect Photosynthesis in plants takes place inside which organelle? chloroplasts

He carefully measured the seed, water , and soil and concluded that the increase in mass of the plant came from water. _________ Jan van Helmont http: //www. nofretete-page. de/gemischt. Neu/TN_plant_grow_w. JPG He knew that a plant in a bell jar would generate “good” air. Joseph Priestly ________ http: //www 2. nsta. org/Energy/find/primer 2_8. html

pigment is a molecule (like A _________ chlorophyll) that absorbs energy and is used by green plants to absorb sunlight. Name the two types of chlorophyll Chlorophyll b ________ Chlorophyll a & _________

Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b © Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll a Which wavelengths of light do chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b absorb best? Blue-violet and red wavelengths

He showed Priestley’s experiment only worked if the plant got light Jan Ingenhousz http: //www 2. nsta. org/Energy/find/primer 2_8. html He earned the Nobel prize for determining the biochemical pathway used to make glucose Melvin Calvin http: //nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1961/calvin-bio. html

Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll a © Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Which wavelength of light does Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b Absorb the least? They do not absorb green light.

Name the molecule used by living things to store and transfer energy =______________ ATP/adenosine triphosphate This scientist further investigated Joseph Priestly’s plant under the bell jar experiment. He determined that light was needed to generate oxygen. Jan Ingenhousz

Set of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction goes on to be the reactant in the next reaction biochemical pathway Use words to fill in the overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide water Sugars + _____ oxygen ______+______

Land plants get the carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis from the atmosphere _______ Where do water plants like algae get their CO 2? From the water in which they live Name the high energy electron carrier that picks up electrons and H+ ions when water is split. NADP+

heterotroph This organism is a _______. autotroph heterotroph Image from: http: //www. entm. purdue. edu/wildlife/chipmunk_pictures. htm

#1 Photosynthesis #2 Name the 2 sets of reactions that make up photosynthesis: Light-Dependent Reactions #1 is called __________. #2 is called ________. Calvin Cycle (or Light-independent Reactions)

#1 Light Dependent Reactions #2 #3 Photosynthesis Label the reactants and products for the Light dependent reactions SUNLIGHT and WATER #1 = _________ ATP and NADPH #2 = _________ Oxygen #3 = _________

Photosynthesis #1 #2 Calvin CYCLE #3 Label the reactants and products for the Calvin cycle ATP & NADPH #1 = _________ carbon dioxide #2 = _________ Sugars #3 = _________

Space surrounding the thylakoids is called the ________. stroma grana Stacks of thylakoids are called ____. If you were talking about only one of these granum you would call it a _______ The main photosynthetic pigment in chlorophyll green plants = __________

The clusters of proteins in the thylakoid membrane that collect light PHOTOSYSTEMS are called ________ Where does the Calvin cycle happen? In the stroma A protein that helps chemical reactions happen faster in living things is called an ________ enzyme

TRUE or FALSE The Calvin cycle requires light. FALSE: It is light INDEPENDENT Light-Dependent Reactions break apart ____ and give off _______ water oxygen gas.

This stack of membrane sacs is called granum a ________ Which part of photosynthesis happens here? Light dependent reactions

This space around the grana is called stroma the _______ Which part of photosynthesis happens here? Calvin cycle

http: //www. rnzih. org. nz/images/gardenimages/carrots_d. jpg Carotenoids _______ are plant pigments that are orange or yellow instead of green An organism that can make its own food like a green plant is called an autotroph ________

Molecules that interact in a chemical reaction that are written on the left side of a chemical equation are called ________ reactants An organism that CAN’T make its own food and must get its energy from consuming other organisms heterotroph

Reactions of photosynthesis that use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH Light-dependent reactions Large protein in the thylakoid membrane that uses energy from H+ ions to join ADP and a phosphate group to make ATP synthase

An organism like a green plant that can make its own food AUTOTROPH Molecule made of ribose, adenine, and 3 phosphates used by living things to store and release energy ATP

Pigments that are yellow or orange not green carotenoids Clusters of light collecting proteins found in the thylakoid photosystems membrane Space surrounding the thylakoids inside a chloroplast stroma

Process by which plants and some other organisms use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide (CO 2) into oxygen (O 2) and high energy carbohydrates PHOTOSYNTHESIS Stack of thylakoid membranes GRANUM (pl. GRANA)

The change in shape of a protein at extremes of temperature or p. H denaturing 6 carbon sugar molecule that is the main product of photosynthesis and is used as the fuel burned by cells glucose

Reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high energy sugar molecules Calvin cycle Negatively charged particle found circling the nucleus of an atom electron

Positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom proton Cell organelle containing thylakoid stacks where photosynthesis happens chloroplast In which part of photosynthesis is oxygen produced? Light-dependent reactions

Particle without an electric charge found in the nucleus of a atom neutron Atoms that have gained or lost electrons so they have an electric charge IONS Movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium is reached diffusion

Molecules that are produced during a chemical reaction that are written on the right side of a chemical equation products High energy electron carrier which receives electrons and H+ ions when water splits during the light dependent reaction NADP+

Difference in concentration in one place compared to another Concentration gradient Group of membrane proteins that transfers electrons between Photosystem II and I during the light -dependent reaction of photosynthesis ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

Label molecules of the light dependent reactions. A = __________ PHOTOSYSTEM II Electron Transport Chain B = __________ C = __________ PHOTOSYSTEM I ATP Synthase D = __________

Which ion moves across the membrane to power the ATP synthase enzyme to add a phosphate to ADP? H+ (Hydrogen ion) Where do the carbon atoms come from that end up in carbohydrates made by the Calvin cycle? Carbon dioxide Which gas that we need is given off during photosynthesis? oxygen

Where do H+ ions build up as water is broken down and the light dependent reactions are happening? Thylakoid space Where to does the ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent phase end up? It is used by the Calvin cycle to make sugar

Label reactants and products for photosynthesis: WATER #1 = __________ OXYGEN #2 = __________ Carbon dioxide #3 = __________ SUGAR #4 = __________ Light energy #5 = __________

Which molecule is broken to provide the H+ to make NADPH? H 2 O Which molecule spins as H+ ions pass through to the other side of the membrane? ATP synthase

Give the chemical symbol for these biologically important atoms & ions: C Carbon _____ Hydrogen ____ H O Oxygen ____ Nitrogen ____ N P Phosphorus ____ Hydrogen ion + H ___

Heterotroph This organism is a(n) _______. autotroph heterotroph Fungi get their energy by absorbing nutrients from dead organisms.

Many enzymes have this ending on -ASE their names = _____ Name 2 factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis. Temperature, availability of water, and light intensity What do you think would happen to the rate of photosynthesis on a cloudy day? It would be slower than on a sunny day

How many phosphate groups are in a molecule of ADP? 2 Write the equation for changing ADP into ATP. ADP + energy → ATP

What compounds are formed from carbon dioxide during the Calvin cycle? sugars Which part of photosynthesis can continue at night? Calvin cycle

Another name for the Calvin cycle Light INDEPENDENT reactions How are photosystem I and II alike? Both are light dependent Both use light to energize electrons How are they different? II- splits water molecules I- NADPH is made

autotroph This organism is a(n) _______. autotroph heterotroph

Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis 6 CO 2 6 H O 2 ______+______ → CH O 6 O 2 6 12 6 + __________ This reaction shows how cells ________ energy STORE RELEASE Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing© 2006

Tell which molecule the H in NADPH originally comes from. NADPH Comes from H 2 O when water is split

http: //academic. brooklyn. cuny. edu/biology/bio 4 fv/page/glycogen. jpg Animal cells store their glucose glycogen as ________ Starch Glycogen Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing© 2006 This reaction shows how cells RELEASE energy ________ STORE RELEASE

Label A and B Thylakoid space (space inside thylakoid sac) A = ___________ stroma B = ___________ Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing© 2006

Label the parts of this chloroplast A (individual membrane sac) = _________ thylakoid Thylakoid space B (space inside the sac) = ___________ Granum (pl. grana) C (stack) = _________ stroma D (space surrounding the sacs) = ________ cytoplasm E (space outside the chloroplast) = ________ Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing© 2006

Plant cells store their glucose starch as ________ http: //bioweb. wku. edu/courses/Biol 115/Wyatt/default. htm Starch Glycogen Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing© 2006 This reaction shows how cells RELEASE energy ________ STORE RELEASE

How many molecules of CO 2 are needed to make 1 molecule of glucose? 6 Write the equation showing how NADP+ becomes NADPH. NADP + + high energy e- + H+ ions→ NADPH

Name this molecule used to store and transport energy ATP-adenosine triphosphate Label the parts of this molecule adenine A = ___________ Ribose sugar B = ___________ Phosphate groups C = ___________ Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing© 2006

Tell which molecule each of the atoms that end up in glucose originally came from: C 6 H 12 O 6 CO 2 _______ H 2 O ____ CO 2 _____