Photosynthesis Review Benchmark Objective Benchmarks SC 912 L

Photosynthesis Review

Benchmark & Objective Benchmark(s): SC. 912. L. 18. 8 Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. By the end of class you will be able to: • Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration.

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP 2009 -2010

“Burn fuels” to make energy combustion making heat energy by burning fuels in one step fuel (carbohydrates) O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + heat aerobic respiration making ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps ATP food (carbohydrates) O 2 ATP + CO 2 + H 2 O (+ heat)

Energy needs of life • Animals are energy consumers • What do we need energy for? • • • synthesis (building for growth) reproduction active transport movement temperature control (making heat)

Where do we get energy? • Energy is stored in organic molecules • carbohydrates, fats, proteins • Animals eat these organic molecules food • digest food to get • fuels for energy (ATP) • raw materials for building more molecules • carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids ATP

What is energy in cells? ATP Adenosine Tri. Phosphate ATP = Cellular Energy Cells need energy to do work!

Harvesting energy stored in food • Cellular respiration • breaking down food to produce ATP food • Occurs in mitochondria • using oxygen • “aerobic” respiration • Aerobic means “with oxygen” • usually digesting glucose • but could be other sugars, fats, or proteins O 2 glucose + oxygen energy + carbon + water dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 ATP + 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O ATP

What do we need to make energy? • The “Furnace” for making energy (where) • mitochondria • Fuel (reactants) • food: carbohydrates (glucose) • Reactants • oxygen • enzymes food enzymes • Product • ATP • carbon dioxide (CO 2) • then used by plants • Water (H 20) Make ATP! All I do all day… And no one even notices! O 2 ATP CO 2 H 2 O

Mitochondria are everywhere!! animal cells plant cells

Let’s Review • What is the purpose of cellular respiration? • Break down food (sugars/glucose) into cellular energy (ATP) • Where does it occur? • Mitochondria • In what type of cells? • Plant and animal • What are the reactants of aerobic respiration? • Glucose and oxygen • What are the products of aerobic respiration? • Carbon dioxide (CO 2), Water (H 20) and Energy (ATP)

What if oxygen is missing? • No oxygen available = can’t complete aerobic respiration • Anaerobic respiration O 2 • “An” means without + “aerobic” = oxygen • Without oxygen • also known as fermentation • alcohol fermentation • lactic acid fermentation yeast • Occurs mostly in the cytoplasm • can only make very little ATP • large animals cannot survive Bacteria Eukaryotic Cell

Anaerobic Respiration • Fermentation • alcohol fermentation • yeast • glucose ATP + CO 2+ alcohol • make beer, wine, bread • lactic acid fermentation • bacteria, animals • glucose ATP + lactic acid • bacteria make yogurt • animals feel muscle fatigue Tastes good… but not enough energy for me! O 2

Please copy the question and answers on the back of your notes. Please answer the questions. 1. There are two cycles in the process of photosynthesis. In the first cycle, chlorophyll in the chloroplast absorbs light energy. Then water and a low-energy compound (ADP) produce oxygen (O 2) and a high-energy compound (ATP). In the second cycle, glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6) is produced. Which two components are needed to make glucose? A. carbon dioxide (CO 2) and ATP B. carbon dioxide (CO 2) and ADP C. oxygen (O 2) and ATP D. oxygen (O 2) and ADP

2. What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis? Where do plants get them from?

3. How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy? A. The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration. B. The energy transformed in cellular respiration is used to power photosynthesis. C. Photosynthesis and respiration perform the same task in terms of energy transformation. D. Energy is not involved in either photosynthesis or cellular respiration.

4. In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different? A. Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP. B. Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen. C. Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy. D. Photosynthesis used carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.

A diagram representing the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is shown below. 5. The numbered boxes in the diagram represent which of the following? 1. 1 - water; 2 - nitrogen 2. 1 - nitrogen; 2 - oxygen 3. 1 - oxygen; 2 - carbon dioxide 4. 1 - carbon dioxide; 2 – water