Photosynthesis Living Environment Think about it Carnivorous plants

Photosynthesis Living Environment

Think about it: Carnivorous plants Is this plant an autotroph or a heterotroph? Sea slugs Is this sea animal an autotroph or a heterotroph?

What is photosynthesis? Let’s break it down… Prefix photo- means light The root synthesis means the building of more complex molecules Therefore, photosynthesis is the process that uses light energy to make complex molecules (sugars and starches) Any organism that can accomplish photosynthesis is known as an autotroph.

The equation sunlight CO 2 + H 2 O ------- C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 sunlight Carbon Dioxide + Water ------ Glucose + Oxygen What are the Raw Materials (Reactants)? What are the Products?

Think about it Why do leaves change color and fall in Autumn?

Pencils down. Just read this slide. • Electromagnetic spectrum contains the wavelength and frequency of various types of energy. • short wavelengths have more energy than long wavelengths. • The only part of the spectrum we can see is the visible spectrum

Light Energy When light enters the chloroplast, it provides the energy to begin the process of photosynthesis White light contains all of the colors in the visible spectrum. (ROY G BIV) When you see a color, that is the color that object DOES NOT absorb

Sunlight (White Light) Sunlight or white light is actually a combination of all the colors of the rainbow: Blue, indigo, violet, green, yellow, orange, and red. Plants appear green because they absorb all the colors except green, which is reflected.

Pencils down. Just read this slide. Why are plants green? When we see color, we’re seeing the color in the spectrum that is NOT absorbed. Therefore, plants are green because they reflect green light and absorb all the other colors.

Plants use the light energy they absorb to run photosynthesis. Which color of light is best absorbed by chlorophyll?

Pencils down. Just read this slide. Pigments absorb light Plants have different types of pigments Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Accessory pigments (carotenoids) Ex: red rose, carrots

What causes the leaves to change color during the fall? In addition to chlorophyll pigments, there are other pigments present, called accessory pigments During the fall, the green chlorophyll pigments are greatly reduced revealing the other pigments Carotenoids are pigments that are either red, orange or yellow.

• As the amount of chlorophyll decreases, the other accessory pigments become more visible

Brain pop https: //www. brainpop. com/science/ecologyandbeh avior/autumnleaves/zoom. weml “Autumn Leaves”

12/1/16 Aim: I can identify the structures of a leaf and determine how they function in the process of photosynthesis. LAUNCH: Launch: Green review book pages 20 -23 questions 1 -7 HOMEWORK: STUDY NOTES ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS

12/19/16 Aim: I can identify the structures of a leaf and determine how they function in the process of photosynthesis. LAUNCH: HOMEWORK: • “The control of Transpiration” (Reading comprehension on the last page of Photos. Part II notes) DUE WED. • Castle Learning test review DUE Day of quiz • Quiz on Photosynthesis & Leaf structure ______

Launch

Launch

Think about it: In what part of the plant does photosynthesis take place? Does photosynthesis occur in all cells of a plant? What about cellular respiration?

HOMEWORK

The Leaf The leaf is the organ within a plant where chlorophyll absorbs solar energy. This is where photosynthesis occurs.

Leaf Structure The leaf is composed of several layers Cuticle: of leaf Upper A waxy coating on top and Lower Epidermis Mesophyll layer Palisade layer Spongy layer (These cells contain the Chloroplasts)

Gas Exchange through the leaf • Guard Cells/Stoma • Notice that carbon dioxide is entering the leaf and oxygen is leaving. • These gases leave through structures known as stomata.

Let’s label the parts of a leaf

Think about it: Recall how plants exchange gasses; Carbon dioxide enters the leaf and oxygen exits?

Guard Cell/Stomata Relationship Stomata are the openings on the underside of a leaf that allow gases and water vapor to enter and exit the leaf. Special cells known as guard cells control the opening and closing of the stomata. The opening and closing of the stomata helps the plant to maintain homeostasis

Guard Cells Guard cells open during the day and humid conditions, to allow gases to be exchanged. Guard cells close during the night and very dry atmospheric conditions to prevent evaporation.

Guard Cell/Stoma Relationship Explain the relationship

Stoma on grapefruit leaf with bacteria entering stomata

Lab Leaf Anatomy

Where does photosynthesis occur? Photosynthesis occurs in specialized organelles known as chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy from the sun. In which cells of a leaf, can you find the chloroplasts? Chloroplast picture Chloroplast diagram

Photosynthesis takes place all the time. There are two parts of photosynthesis… Light Reaction Chlorophyll captures sunlight energy which is used to split molecules of water and releases oxygen gas (waste product) 6 H 2 O H+ + 6 O 2 (gas) Dark Reaction Energy is used to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) 6 CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6

Remember…. . Plants aren’t the only organisms that can accomplish photosynthesis. Two thirds (~66%) of the Earth is covered in water in which algae and phytoplankton live. These aquatic organisms accomplish most of the photosynthesis that occurs on Earth.

Aquatic Food Web You can see that algae and phytoplankton will live toward the surface of the water. This is because sunlight will only penetrate into the water so far.

What are ALGAE? Diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that lack true leaves or roots Live in all aquatic environments and serve as the base of the food web Range in size from microscopic to 200 feet long Most common algae is seaweed

What are phytoplankton? Phytoplankton are microscopic photosynthetic organisms that live in watery environments, both salty and fresh. Some phytoplankton are bacteria, some are protists, and most are single-celled plants. May rapidly overpopulate causing a “bloom” which affects other forms of life by drastically increasing the amount of oxygen in the water.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Brainpop https: //www. brainpop. com/science/cellularlife andgenetics/photosynthesis/ Ameoba sisters (Photosynthesis) https: //www. youtube. com/results? search_que ry=amoeba+sisters+photosynthesis+

Review Equation: CO 2 + H 2 O ------- C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Raw materials: Carbon dioxide and water Products: Glucose and oxygen

Review Carbon dioxide and oxygen gases enter and exit the leaf through structures called STOMATES Photosynthesis occurs in which organelle? Chloroplasts The pigment that absorbs energy from sunlight is known as Chlorophyll Where does most of the photosynthesis take place? In the oceans (algae and phytoplankton)

1/15/14 Aim: Compare and contrast photosynthesis and respiration Homework: Use a review book to define the following terms onto index cards or a flashcard app: Active transport, cell membrane, cell respiration, chloroplast, cytoplasm, diffusion, mitochondria, nucleus, organelle, ribosome, vacuole DUE TUES Study for exam. Castle learning #7 Due today & #8 DUE next Tuesday 1/21/14. EXAM ON CELLULAR RESPIRATION, PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND LEAF ANATOMY THURS. MID-TERM NEXT WEEK. DO NOW Complete photosynthesis/Respiration concept map. Take out your Photosynthesis vs. Respiration worksheet. Take out your HW DEFINITIONS.

12/16/14 Aim: How is light energy trapped and converted into chemical energy? Homework: Use a review book to define the following terms onto index cards: Biochemical process, catalyst, enzyme, cellular respiration, mitochondria, photosynthesis, chloroplasts, gas exchange, guard cells. DUE TUES HW quiz #6 DUE WED Cell exam corrections DUE THURS. Castle learning #6 Due today & #7 DUE FRI. Do now: Copy HW & have your definitions HW out. Worksheet Think about it: Why do leaves change color and fall in Autumn?

1/13/14 Aim: How do the parts of leaves function in the process of photosynthesis? Homework: Use a review book to define the following terms onto index cards or a flashcard app: Active transport, cell membrane, cell respiration, chloroplast, cytoplasm, diffusion, mitochondria, nucleus, organelle, ribosome, vacuole DUE TUES Study for exam. Castle learning #7 Due today & #8 DUE next Tuesday 1/21/14. EXAM ON CELLULAR RESPIRATION, PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND LEAF ANATOMY WED. MID-TERM NEXT WEEK. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration worksheet.

12/17/14 Aim: How do the parts of leaves function in the process of photosynthesis? Homework: – HW Quiz 6 DUE WED. – Worksheet “The Control of Transpiration. ” DUE THURS – Castle Learning Holiday assignment DUE MON 1/5/15. Do now: Hand in HW quiz. Practice questions of the day. Think about it: Does photosynthesis occur in all cells of a plant? What about cellular respiration?

MERRY CHRISTMAS, HAPPY HOLIDAYS & A HAPPY NEW YEAR Don’t forget to do your castle learning holiday assignment.

12/18/14 Aim: How do the parts of leaves function in the process of photosynthesis? Homework: – HW Quiz 6 DUE WED. – Worksheet “The Control of Transpiration. ” DUE THURS – Castle Learning Holiday assignment DUE MON 1/5/15. Do now: Have your “transpiration” HW out on desk and your guided notes from yesterday. Take a lab and complete Part A now. Think about it: Recall how plants exchange gasses; Carbon dioxide enters the leaf and oxygen exits?

12/18/14 Aim: How do the parts of leaves function in the process of photosynthesis? Homework: – HW Quiz 6 DUE WED. – Worksheet “The Control of Transpiration. ” DUE THURS – Castle Learning Holiday assignment DUE MON 1/5/15. Do now: Have your “transpiration” HW out on desk and your guided notes from yesterday. Take a do now coloring activity and begin working on it. Think about it: Recall how plants exchange gasses; Carbon dioxide enters the leaf and oxygen exits?