Photosynthesis And the Calvin Cycle Biology Vocabulary Granum

Photosynthesis And the Calvin Cycle Biology

Vocabulary • Granum • Stroma • Thylakoid

Photosynthesis • Process by which plants use water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight to produce sugar (and oxygen). Basic Equation 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2

Photosynthesis Experiments • 1600’s – Van Helmont Determined that mass gained during plant growth does NOT come from the soil. He concluded it must come from the water he added. • 1700’s – Preistly Determined that plants release oxygen • 1700’s – Ingenhousz Building on Preistly’s work, he determined that oxygen was only produced in the presence of light.

Photosynthesis Equation in Detail Chemical Equation 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 + ATP + NADPH Glucose continues to be processed into ATP. Oxygen released for use in aerobic reactions ATP utilized as energy for reactions NADPH used in later photosynthesis reactions How do plants USE these raw materials?

Overview of Reactions H 2 O 1) The Light Reaction Reactants Light NADP+ Products ATP NADPH O 2 ADP + P 2) The Calvin Cycle (AKA The Dark Reaction) Reactants CO 2 ATP NADPH Products Sugar NADP+ ADP + P

Location of Reactions Thylakoid: Pancake-like disc, location of the light reaction Granum: A collection or stack of thylakoids Stroma: Gel-like space outside thylakoid, location of the Calvin Cycle

Location of Reactions Chloroplast Water CO 2 Chloroplast NADP+ ADP + P Light. Dependent Reactions O 2 Thylakoid Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Sugars Stroma

What is NADPH / NADP+ ? NADPH is a coenzyme that is an electron carrier. It exists in two forms: 1) NADPH has the electron 2) NADP+ lacks the electron

Two Sets of Reactions Light dependent reactions: use light to store energy in carrier molecules (ATP, NADPH)

Photosynthesis Light Reaction 1) What is water needed for? Water Chloroplast CO 2 NADP+ ADP + P Light. Dependent Reactions O 2 Calvin Cycle To make O 2 in presence of Chloroplast light during the lightdependent reaction ATP NADPH Sugars Animation

Photosynthesis Light Reaction 2) What product is released at the end of the light reaction? Water CO 2 Oxygen Chloroplast NADP+ ADP + P Light. Dependent Reactions O 2 Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Sugars

Photosynthesis Light Reaction 3) What two high energy molecules are produced by the light reaction Water CO 2 ATP Chloroplast & NADP+ ADP + P Light. Dependent Reactions O 2 Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Sugars NADPH

Two Sets of Reactions Light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle): Uses energy from light dependent reactions to produce sugars

Photosynthesis Light Reaction 4) What is carbon dioxide needed for? Water CO 2 Provides Carbon to make sugar in the Calvin Cycle Chloroplast NADP+ ADP + P Light. Dependent Reactions O 2 Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Sugars

Photosynthesis Light Reaction 5) What product is made at the end of the Calvin Cycle? Water CO 2 Sugar (Glucose) Chloroplast NADP+ ADP + P Light. Dependent Reactions O 2 Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Sugars

Photosynthesis Light Reaction 6) What two low energy molecules are produced at the end of the Calvin Cycle? Water CO 2 Chloroplast ADP + P NADP+ ADP + P Light. Dependent Reactions O 2 NADP+ Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Sugars

Location of Reactions 7) The light reaction takes place in the thylakoid membranes. 8) The Calvin Cycle takes place in the stroma. 9) The light – dependent reaction requires energy from the sun

10) Which part of photosynthesis uses ATP to make energy? Water Chloroplast CO 2 NADP+ ADP + P Light. Dependent Reactions O 2 Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Sugars The Calvin Cycle Chloroplast What kind of energy storage molecule is made using the energy from ATP? Sugar