Photosensor applications Medical imaging scintillation detectors for TOFPET

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Photosensor applications Medical imaging: scintillation detectors for TOF-PET P. Finocchiaro INFN Laboratori Nazionali del

Photosensor applications Medical imaging: scintillation detectors for TOF-PET P. Finocchiaro INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 1

Medical Imaging: X-rays radiography Computed Tomography analog picture is impressed on the film digital

Medical Imaging: X-rays radiography Computed Tomography analog picture is impressed on the film digital data acquired, slices are computed (and printed on the film) Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 2

Medical Imaging: Magnetic Resonance MRI sensitive to the magnetic moment of protons digital data

Medical Imaging: Magnetic Resonance MRI sensitive to the magnetic moment of protons digital data acquired slices of H distribution are computed Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 3

Medical Imaging: g-rays SPECT digital data acquired, slices are computed and printed on the

Medical Imaging: g-rays SPECT digital data acquired, slices are computed and printed on the film g-camera a g radioactive tracer is injected collimator photodetector g collimator Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications scintillator 4

Medical Imaging: g-rays PET residual nucleus b+ decay e+ 511 ke. V a b+

Medical Imaging: g-rays PET residual nucleus b+ decay e+ 511 ke. V a b+ radioactive tracer is injected Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 5

Medical Imaging: g-rays PET digital data acquired data selected by: • 2 -pixel coincidence

Medical Imaging: g-rays PET digital data acquired data selected by: • 2 -pixel coincidence • energy ≈ 511 ke. V Energy [a. u. ] data stored as sinograms or list mode Energy [a. u. ] • sinogram: a special 2 D histogram • list mode: data recorded event by event slices are computed can be combined with CT or MRI Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 6

Medical Imaging: g-rays PET Hit #n Detector # Energy Time data stored as sinograms

Medical Imaging: g-rays PET Hit #n Detector # Energy Time data stored as sinograms Hit #(n+1) Detector # Energy Time data stored in list mode slices are computed can be combined with CT or MRI • sinogram: a special 2 D histogram • list mode: data recorded event by event Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 7

Medical Imaging: summary probe tool info about. . . X-rays Radiography anatomy (tissue density)

Medical Imaging: summary probe tool info about. . . X-rays Radiography anatomy (tissue density) X-rays Computed Tomography (CT) anatomy (tissue density) Magnetic Fields Magnetic Resonance (MRI) anatomy (H distribution, mainly water) SPECT physiology (cells/organs in operation) PET physiology (cells/organs in operation) g-rays Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 8

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET ∆t ∆x ∆t Line Of Response (LOR) -6 0 -3

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET ∆t ∆x ∆t Line Of Response (LOR) -6 0 -3 3 6 X position along LOR Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - ∆t [ps] ∆x [cm] 500 10 250 5 200 4 150 3 P. Finocchiaro: Applications 9

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET digital data acquired data stored as list mode: position, energy,

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET digital data acquired data stored as list mode: position, energy, time data selected by: • 2 -pixel coincidence • energy ≈ 511 ke. V slices are computed with probability weight can be combined with CT or MRI improved resolution reduced background Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 10

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET further issue: Depth Of Interaction DOI Unknown DOI Known DOI

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET further issue: Depth Of Interaction DOI Unknown DOI Known DOI blurred images Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - several methods available to handle DOI Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 11

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project TOPEM: A TOF-PET endorectal probe for diagnosis

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project TOPEM: A TOF-PET endorectal probe for diagnosis and follow up of the prostate cancer outer PET detector Lines of coincidence size ≈ 25 x 15 x 50 mm 3 endorectal PET probe backplane contacts probe should also be compatible with MRI array of Si. PM ≈ 450 LYSO scintillators connector array of Si. PM backplane Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - contacts P. Finocchiaro: Applications 12

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project outer PET detector Si. PM 3 x

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project outer PET detector Si. PM 3 x 3 x 15 mm 3 LYSO scintillator Si. PM endorectal PET probe single scintillator prototype need to measure position (LOR, time), energy, DOI Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 13

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project need to measure position (LOR, time), energy,

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project need to measure position (LOR, time), energy, DOI LOR known from geometry detector i detector j time measured by the two scintillators position along LOR Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Xp osi tion alo ng LO Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors R - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 14

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project need to measure position (LOR, time), energy,

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project need to measure position (LOR, time), energy, DOI Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 15

Light propagation and attenuation length latt • • latt is a constant depending on

Light propagation and attenuation length latt • • latt is a constant depending on material type shape surface finish wrapping Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 16

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project need to measure position (LOR, time), energy,

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project need to measure position (LOR, time), energy, DOI energy measured by the two scintillators detector i detector j measured energy independent of the hit position 511 ke. V scintillator surface and wrapping chosen to obtain a convenient latt ≈ 15 mm Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 17

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project need to measure position (LOR, time), energy,

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project need to measure position (LOR, time), energy, DOI Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 18

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project need to measure position (LOR, time), energy,

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project need to measure position (LOR, time), energy, DOI Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 19

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project need to measure position (LOR, time), energy,

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project need to measure position (LOR, time), energy, DOI DOI measured by the two Si. PM Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 20

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project need to measure position (LOR, time), energy,

Medical Imaging: g-rays TOF-PET the TOPEM project need to measure position (LOR, time), energy, DOI calibration Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 21

Conclusion need to use detectors with: good time resolution (≈ 200 ps) reasonable energy

Conclusion need to use detectors with: good time resolution (≈ 200 ps) reasonable energy resolution (< 15% @ 511 ke. V) reasonable DOI resolution: double readout surface finish & wrapping such that latt ≈ L Summer School - Pisa - 22 -26 July 2019 - Photosensors and Signal Processing in Particle Detectors - P. Finocchiaro: Applications 22

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Thanks for your patience. . .

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