Photography The Elements of Art and Principles of
- Slides: 62
Photography The Elements of Art and Principles of Design
Elements of Art The Basic Building Blocks • • Line Shape Form Space Value Texture Color
LINE • A mark made by a moving point. • Has greater length than width. • Directs the eye – horizontal, vertical, diagonal, curvy, zig-zag, etc. • Can be actual obvious lines or the borders or edges of shapes. • Line can be real or implied
LINE
LINE
LINE Andy Goldsworthy
Shape is an enclosed space defined by other elements of art. Shape is 2 -Dimensional Shape can be: Geometric: Angular, man-made concept: circle, triangle, square Organic: curvilinear - found in nature Fernana Leger, The City Matisse, from the series “Jazz”
SHAPE
FORM
SPACE • Positive space (occupied space) – the area the objects/subject takes up. • Negative space (unoccupied space) – the area around, under, through and between. • Gives the photo a 3 -dimensional feeling - Depth of Field • Foreground (closest) bottom • Middle ground – middle • Background (farthest) – top • Can be open, crowded, near, far, etc.
Positive and Negative Space
Space Positive space is filled by a shape or form. Negative space surrounds a shape or form.
SPACE • Atmospheric Perspective – Objects close = detailed, bright, sharp – Objects far = blurred, dull/gray • One point perspective – One vanishing point • 2 point perspective – 2 vanishing points
Atmospheric Perspective
SPACE
SPACE – linear perspective
VALUE • Black and White and all the Grays in between • Dark to Light • Can add drama and impact to composition. • Adds contrast • Creates 3 D form
Value An element of art that refers to luminance or luminosity – the lightness or darkness of a color. Value is an especially important element in works of art when color is absent. This is particularly likely with drawings, printmaking, and photographs Kathe Kollwitz, Self portrait
Value Chuck Close (made w/ thumbprints!) Edward Weston, Pepper (photograph)
VALUE
TEXTURE • The surface quality. • How an object feels, or how it looks like it feels. • Rough, smooth, bumpy, gooey, sharp, etc. • Adds interest! Sense of sight and sense of touch involved.
TEXTURE
COLOR • • Artistic term is HUE Need light to see color. Primary, Secondary, Intermediates. Use color schemes to enhance appeal or make an impact. • Cool • Warm • Color schemes: Analagous, Complementary, monochromatic
Warm Colors • Colors that are often described as being higher in temperature • Reds, oranges, yellows • Associated with fire and sun • Optically, appear to advance • Stimulating and passionate
Ex. Warm
Cool • Colors that are often described as being lower in temperature • Greens, Blues, and Violet • Associated with water, sky, and spring • Optically, they appear to recede • Calming and depressing
Ex. Cool
COLOR Analagous - Warm Monochromatic - Cool
COLOR
COLOR Complementary
Principles of Design The different arrangements – or compositions - of the ELEMENTS of design to create artistic, interesting, more visually powerful photographs.
Principles of Design • • Emphasis / Focal Point Balance Unity Contrast Movement/ Rhythm Pattern/Repetition Economy
BALANCE • Balance is a sense of stability in the body of work. Balance can be created by repeating same shapes and by creating a feeling of equal weight. • Symmetrical • Asymmetrical
BALANCE - Symmetrical
BALANCE - Asymmetrical
Symmetrical/Formal Balance Diane Arbus, Twins
BALANCE
BALANCE
VARIETY • Variety is all of the different elements in the photograph • Variety adds interest to the work and keeps the viewer’s eyes moving around the piece • You can achieve variety by using different elements in your work, such as: – Shapes – Textures – Colors – Values
VARIETY
VARIe. TEY – too much?
MOVEMENT / RHYTHM • Movement adds excitement to your work by showing action and directing the viewers eye throughout the picture plane. • Rhythm is a type of movement in an artistic composition. It is seen in repeating of shapes and colors. Alternating lights and darks also give a sense of rhythm.
MOVEMENT / RHYTHM
MOVEMENT
EMPHASIS / FOCAL POINT • Emphasis in a composition refers to developing points of interest to pull the viewer's eye to important parts of the body of the work. • Size, shape, color, placement, contrast, etc.
EMPHASIS / FOCAL POINT
PATTERN / REPETITION • An element that occurs over and over again in a composition. • Can repeat the element in a consistent pattern. • Can repeat the element in a variation of the pattern.
PATTERN / REPETITION
PATTERN / REPETITION
CONTRAST • Contrast refers to the opposites and differences in the work. • It creates interest, draws the viewer’s eye, and creates impact in the work. • You can create contrast through different elements in your work such as contrast in: – Shapes (organic vs. geometric) – Textures (rough vs. smooth) – Colors (complements) – Values (light vs. dark) -- Lines (straight vs. wavy, thin vs. thick) -- and many more
CONTRAST
CONTRAST
ECONOMY • Economy takes into account that less is more. • Using minimal visual information to convey the concept.
ECONOMY
UNITY • Unity is seen in a composition when all the parts equal a whole. • Ways to achieve unity: -Repeat elements: line, shapes, forms, colors. -Use a color scheme: analagous, complementary, triad, etc. -Overlap forms, lines, shapes.
UNITY
- Elements and principles of photography
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