Photography HISTORY HISTORY DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT FINGERPRINT SIGNATURE

ABSTRACT A photographic technique which allows accurate anatomical measurement and tracing of facial features,

INTRODUCTION • Methods employed by criminals to avoid detection would also become more dificult

INTRODUCTION • Their ID photograph on the falsified credential is somewhat of a signature

Materials and methods Legal responsibility • The rules and procedures of local evidencemust be

• correct exhibit labelling, • appropriate secured storage, • appropriate use of police

Photographic technique • The first stage of the method is to reproduce the original

Enlargements with an interpupillary distance larger than 6 cm allows greater accuracy and measurement

Distance relationships from a camera viewpoint to two points on (a) the vertical axis

• Consultation with manufacturers of ID photography cameras, concluded that most purpose built

ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS Method for facial comparison has four separate components: 1. individual facial characteristics

. 2 form, size, shape of facial features (nose, eyebrows, mouth, ears, forehead creases,

. 2 form, size, shape of facial features

Table 1 Anthropometric facial measurements (mm( Area measured Photo A Photo B Photo C

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Photography

HISTORY

DEVELOPMENT

FINGERPRINT

SIGNATURE

NOISE

ABSTRACT A photographic technique which allows accurate anatomical measurement and tracing of facial features, which allows direct physical comparison of ID document images.

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION • Methods employed by criminals to avoid detection would also become more dificult because they must use their own photograph for the credential to be of any value.

INTRODUCTION • Their ID photograph on the falsified credential is somewhat of a signature the criminal is forced to leave behind and should be exploited forensic investigators

CASE

Materials and methods Legal responsibility • The rules and procedures of local evidencemust be strictly adhered and include:

• correct exhibit labelling, • appropriate secured storage, • appropriate use of police seals or other tamper proof methods, • maintenance of evidence continuity, • issuing and receiving of appropriate receipts of evidence, • maintaining accurate notes of procedures andexamination findings.

Photographic technique • The first stage of the method is to reproduce the original photographs as larger sized prints and at the same magnification. • Magnification is determined by using the interpupillary distance of the subjects as a standard reference.

Enlargements with an interpupillary distance larger than 6 cm allows greater accuracy and measurement resolution

Distance relationships from a camera viewpoint to two points on (a) the vertical axis (b) the horizontal axis.

• Consultation with manufacturers of ID photography cameras, concluded that most purpose built ID cameras have equivalent film format and lens focal length, which consequently required subject-distance to remain a reasonable constant.

ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS Method for facial comparison has four separate components: 1. individual facial characteristics (scars, moles, dimples etc, (

. 2 form, size, shape of facial features (nose, eyebrows, mouth, ears, forehead creases, (

. 3 facial symmetry

4. 4. anthropometric measurement.

Case

1. individual facial characteristics

. 2 form, size, shape of facial features

. 3 facial symmetry

. 4 anthropometric measurement.

Table 1 Anthropometric facial measurements (mm( Area measured Photo A Photo B Photo C • Interpupillary distance • Horizontal face width between 44 44 44 ear roots • Mouth width on oral fissure 99 99 99 35 33. 5 line 33. 5 • Nose width on septal/lip line 25. 5 25

Preparation of final court report