Photo Bas BogaertsHandicap International March 2015 Landmine Monitor

Photo © Bas Bogaerts/Handicap International, March 2015

Landmine Monitor 2015 (Presentations, November-December 2015) Overview • Global ban endures; landmines used by non-state actors in more countries. • New casualties rose; still at second lowest level since 1999. • Support for mine action dropped for second year in a row. • More contamination cleared in 2014 and progress in victim assistance; states have much to do.

Landmine Monitor 2015 Main sections: • • Landmine Ban Policy Mine Action – Contamination and Clearance Casualties and Victim Assistance Funding Support

The Mine Ban Treaty - Status • There are 162 States Parties and one signatory to the Mine Ban Treaty.

Landmine use • From October 2014 through October 2015, the government forces of Myanmar, North Korea, and Syria—all states not party to the Mine Ban Treaty—used antipersonnel landmines. • Non-state armed groups (NSAGs) used antipersonnel mines or victim-activated improvised explosive devices (IEDs) acting as antipersonnel mines in at least 10 countries: Afghanistan, Colombia, Libya, Myanmar, Pakistan, Syria, and Yemen, as well as Iraq, Tunisia, and Ukraine. • The last three were not included in last year's report and the Monitor had not recorded such a high number of states where NSAGs used landmines since 2006.

Stockpiles, production, and transfer Stockpiles and stockpile destruction • States Parties have destroyed more than 49 million mines over time, including more than 530, 000 in 2014. • More than 9 million await destruction by 6 States Parties. Belarus, Greece, and Ukraine remain in violation of the treaty. • Finland completed destruction during reporting period. Production and transfer • Only 11 identified as producers, with as few as 4 active (India, Myanmar, Pakistan, and South Korea). Singapore may soon be removed from producer list. • Low level of illicit and unacknowledged transfers appears to continue.

Mine Action - Contamination Some 57 states and four other areas were confirmed to be mine-affected as of November. Africa Angola Chad DR Congo Eritrea Ethiopia Mauritania Niger Senegal Somalia South Sudan Zimbabwe Somaliland Europe, the Caucasus, Americas Asia-Pacific and Central Asia Argentina* Chile Colombia Cuba Ecuador Peru Afghanistan Cambodia China India Lao PDR Myanmar North Korea Pakistan South Korea Sri Lanka Thailand Vietnam Armenia Azerbaijan Bi. H Croatia Cyprus Georgia Kyrgyzstan Russia Serbia Tajikistan Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom (UK)* Uzbekistan Kosovo Nagorno-Karabakh Middle East and North Africa Algeria Egypt Jordan Iraq Israel Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Palestine Syria Yemen Western Sahara Note: States Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty are indicated in bold; other areas are indicated by italics

Clearance of landmines • At least 200 km 2 of mined areas were cleared in 2014—up from at least 185 km 2 in 2013—destroying more than 230, 000 antipersonnel mines and 11, 500 antivehicle mines. • As in previous years, the largest total clearance of mined areas was achieved in Afghanistan, Cambodia, and Croatia (75% of recorded clearance). • Mozambique declared itself free of landmines in September 2015. • As of October 2015, 29 states and one other area have declared themselves cleared of mines since the treaty entered into force in 1999. • Of the 33 States Parties that have confirmed outstanding mine clearance obligations, only three appear to be on track to meet their Article 5 clearance deadlines.

Casualties In 2014, a global total of 3, 678 casualties were recorded, an increase compared to 2013 but the second lowest number recorded since 1999. Number of mine/ERW casualties per year (1999 -2014)

Casualties (continued) • Casualties were identified in 54 states and four other areas in 2014, of which 37 are States Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty. • The vast majority of recorded landmine/ERW casualties (80%) were civilians, where the status was known. • Afghanistan experienced the greatest single rise in casualties, with 1, 296 recorded in 2014 compared to 1, 050 in 2013. The bulk of the increase was due to victim-activated improvised explosive devices (IEDs). • The proportion of casualties caused by victim-activated IEDs increased significantly (to 31%, up from 22% in 2013).

Victim assistance Above - Albania's victim assistance focal point Veri Dogjani (right), a qualified medical doctor, discusses emergency response with NPA medical team in the field. © Loren Persi, May 2015 Left – A Yazidi man injured by a landmine in the Iran-Iraq war, now displaced by fighting in Iraq to a refugee camp in Turkey with his wife. © Jelena Vicentic, October 2015

Victim assistance (continued) • Understanding of needs of mine victims continues to improve. • Two-thirds of States Parties had active coordination mechanisms or relevant national plans in the 31 States Parties with significant numbers of mine victims. • In nearly all these States Parties, survivors were joining in coordination processes, although much improvement is possible and their active involvement could be better supported. • More than half of the States Parties had included some information on victim assistance activities and progress in their formal reports covering calendar year 2014.

Funding and Support Donors and affected states together contributed approximately US$610 million in international and national support for mine action in 2014, a decrease of $30 million (5%) from 2013 and the second year in a row of declining support.

International support for mine action by year International assistance in 2014 was $417 million, a decrease of $23 million from 2013. A total of 42 states & 3 other areas received support from 33 donors. The top 5 recipient states—Afghanistan, Lao PDR, Iraq, Angola, and Cambodia—received 45% of all international contributions.

National and peacekeeping operations funding • Thirteen affected states provided $194 million in national support for their own mine action programs, a decrease of $7 million compared with 2013. • In addition to those contributions, appropriations from the UN General Assembly for mine action within peacekeeping operations provided $166 million in 2014, an increase of 10% compared with 2013.

Additional resources Country profiles Factsheets & Reports Maps ICBL website www. icbl. org

Thank you! Visit us: www. the-monitor. org monitor 2@icblcmc. org @Mine. Monitor @minefreeworld Photos ©HALO Trust, March 2014 and © Eva Maria Fischer/Handicap International, June 2014