Phonemic Awareness What the Research Says Phonemic Awareness

Phonemic Awareness

What the Research Says Phonemic Awareness is more highly related to learning to read than are tests of general intelligence, reading readiness, and listening comprehension. California Department of Education, 1996, p. 5

Matthew Effects (Stanovich, 1986) is p. a. not p. a. good decoder (phonics) poor decoding good comprehension poor comprehension reads more likes to read doesn’t like to reads less

Amount of Time Spent Reading and Reading Achievement of Fifth Graders Percentile Rank Minutes of Text Reading Per Day Estimated Number of Words Read Per Year 98 90. 7 4, 733, 000 90 40. 4 2, 357, 000 70 21. 7 1, 168, 000 50 12. 9 601, 000 20 3. 1 134, 000 10 1. 6 51, 000 Anderson, 1988

Phonological Awareness “A broad term that includes phonemic awareness. In addition to phonemes, phonological awareness activities involve work with rhymes, words, syllables, and onsets and rimes. ” It is an auditory skill that need not involve print.

Is Phonological Awareness …the same as Phonemic Awareness? NO!!! Phonemic Awareness is just one type of phonological awareness, defined as the ability to notice, think about, or manipulate the individual sounds in words (phonemes).

Levels of Phonological Awareness Phoneme Onset-Rime Syllable Word Sound Awareness Less Complex Activities More Complex Activities

Phonological Awareness Sound Awareness Level Word Level Syllable Level Onset-Rime Level Phoneme Level Grapheme Level

Phonological Awareness Sound Awareness Level Challenges children to listen attentively Stories, songs, fingerplays, and poems https: //youtu. be/xw. KX 6 m 2 t. C R 4

Sources of Information or Cues ) tic ng an an i em (S Me c) Visual (Graphophonic) e cti ur nta ct ru St y (S Comprehension

Phonological Awareness Word Level v Words and Sentences v Compound Words v Rhyme

Phonological Awareness Syllable Level Allows for breaking words into smaller bits. Children learn to analyze words into smaller rhythmic parts.

Phonological Awareness Onset-Rime Level The onset is the part of the word before the vowel. The rime is the part of the word including the vowel and what follows it.

What the Research Says Difficulties in phonological processing can be identified in late kindergarten and first grade, and the presence of these difficulties are a reliable indicator that learning to read may be harder. Lyon & Alexander, 1996. 1997, p. 14

Phonological Awareness: Large to Small Sentence: The sun is bright. Word: sun Syllables: sun, sun-shine, sun-ny Onset-rime: s-un, s-unshine Phoneme: s-u-n

Phonological Awareness Phoneme Level The smallest unit of sound in a word that makes a difference in its meaning. /m / 1 st phoneme /a/ 2 nd phoneme /n/ 3 rd phoneme

Phonemic Awareness The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the individual soundsphonemes-in spoken words. Put Reading First National Institute for Literacy September 2001

Is Phonemic Awareness …the same as Phonics? Phonemic awareness focuses on the sound units (phonemes) used to form spoken words. l Phonics instruction associates sounds to written symbols (i. e. the alphabet). l NO!!!

Phonemic Awareness Let’s begin with a fun informal assessment of OUR current knowledge of phonemic awareness.

How many phonemes are in the following words? 3 shout _____ 3 boil _____ thank _____ 4 straight _____ 5 2 though ____ 3 ox _____

Phonemic Awareness Recognition and Isolation Segmentation and Counting Blending Manipulation

Phonemic Awareness Recognition and Isolation Children recognize individual sounds in words. What is the first sound in van? Picture Match: http: //www. readwritethink. org/classroomresources/student-interactives/picture-match 30004. html

Phonemic Awareness Segmentation and Counting Children break a word into separate sounds, saying each sound as they tap out or count it. How many sounds are in train?

Phonemic Awareness Blending Children listen to a sequence of separately spoken phonemes, and then combine the phonemes to form a word. What word is /b/ /i/ /g/? Puzzle Me Words http: //www. readwritethink. org/classroom-resources/studentinteractives/puzzle-words-30819. html

Phonemic Awareness Manipulation n Children take words apart and put them back together again, often to form an entirely new word. n n The Hungry Thing https: //youtu. be/mlg q 0 Vgp. INI Activity: https: //youtu. be/Ltr XIJxpyvs

Phonological Awareness Grapheme Level The smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in the spelling of a word. It may be one letter: b, d, f, p or It may be several letters: ch, sh, igh

Phonological awareness is a crucial step towards understanding the alphabetic principle The understanding that the sequence of letters in written words represents the sequence of sounds in spoken words.

What the Research Says Phonemic Awareness is more highly related to learning to read than are tests of general intelligence, reading readiness, and listening comprehension. California Department of Education, 1996, p. 5

Some Resources for Phonemic Awareness