Phonemic Awareness in Young Children A Classroom Curriculum
- Slides: 35
三、聽音遊戲與音素知覺的建構 • 從音素知覺到字母拼讀課程舉例: • Phonemic Awareness in Young Children • A Classroom Curriculum by Marilyn J. Adams Barbara R. Foorman Ingvar Lundberg Terri Beeler
• 課程大綱: – 1. Listening Games – 2. Rhyming – 3. Words and Sentences – 4. Awareness of Syllables – 5. Initial and Final Sounds – 6. Phonemes – 7. Introducing Letters and Spelling
• 1. Listening Games: (傾聽聲音的遊戲) – Listening to Sounds – Listening to Sequences of Sounds – Jacob, Where Are You? – Hiding the Alarm Clock – Who Says What? – Whisper Your Name – Nonsense – Whispering Game – Do You Remember?
• 2. Rhyming: (辨認字尾、句尾押韻) – Poetry, Songs, and Jingles – Rhyme Stories – Emphasizing Rhyme Through Movement – Word Rhyming – Can You Rhyme? – The Ship is Loaded with … – Action Rhymes – Rhyme Book
• 範例: 單字 Cat-hat dog-? Mouse-house rat-? 語句 A cat wearing a ____ (hat). A mouse that lives in a _____ (house). A sheep that is sound _____ (asleep). A bee with a hive in the _____ (tree). 問答 Did you ever see a (bear) in a (chair)? No, I never, no, I never, no I never. No, I never saw a (bear) in a chair.
• 語詞替換 • The ship is loaded with cheese. (peas, fleas, trees, bees, keys, etc. ) • 動詞字根 • Action rhyme: • barking-parking • frying-crying • looking-cooking • cutting-shutting
• 3. Words and Sentences (聽辨句子和語詞單 位): – Introducing the Idea of Sentences – Introducing the Idea of a Word – Hearing Words in Sentences – Exercises with Short and Long Words – Words in Context and Out
• Long and short words: (聽辨長字與短字) bee – butterfly car – automobile elephant – cat tree – flower • Words in context and out: (聽辨個別單字和語句中 的單字) – This little piggy went to the market.
4. Awareness of Syllables: (聽辨音節) – Clapping Names – Take One Thing from the Box – The King’/Queen’s Successor – Listening first, Looking After
• Clapping names: Bippity, Bippity Bumble Bee, Tell me what your name shall be. (“Clap it!” “Whisper it!” “Silent!”)
• 5. Initial and Final Sounds: (聽辨字首字尾語 音) – Guess Who – Different Words, Same Initial Phonemes – Finding Things: Initial Phonemes – I’m thinking of Something – Word Pairs: Take a Sound Away (Analysis) – Add a sound (Synthesis) – Different Words, Same Final Phoneme – Finding Things: Final Phonemes
• Finding things: initial phonemes – Identify the name and initial phoneme of each picture – Sort the pictures according to the initial phonemes f-f-ish, f-f-f-f, fish • Word pairs: Add a sound – f-f-f-f…. ox, fox – m-m-m-m…ice, mice – chin-in, mask-ask, Sam-am, fair-air, mat-at, fox-ox
• 6. Phonemes: (聽辨語音單位) – Two –Sound Words (兩音位語詞) – Basic Three-Sound Words (三音位語詞) – Consonant Blends: Adding and Subtracting Initial Sounds (子音群) – Consonant Blends: Inserting and Removing Internal Sounds (子音群) – Building Four-Sound Words (四音位語詞) – Guess a Word – Troll Talk II: Phonemes
• Consonant Blends: Adding and Subtracting Initial Sounds • • • lay… play …lay…play row - grow no – snow low -blow way -sway • sigh – sky- sly-spy…
• 7. Introducing Letters and Spelling (介紹字母 與拼字) – Guess Who: Introducing Sounds and Letters – Picture Names: Initial Sounds and Letters – I’m Thinking of Something: Initial Sounds and Letters – Picture Names: Final Sounds and Letters – Picture Search: Initial or Final Consonants – Introduction to How Words Are Spelled: Add a letter – Swap a Letter – Sounding Words
• 歌謠韻文舉例: I’m a little teapot, short and stout. Here’s my handle, here’s my spout. When the tea is ready, hear me shout. Pick me up and pour me out! 重音、語調、停頓等常反映詞組結構關係: Close your eyes and open your ears. It’s time for a story.
• 語調節奏重音常透露語用訊息: • The Wishing Well • A mouse once found a wishing well. • “Now all of my wishes can come true!” she cried. • She threw a penny into the well and made a wish. “OUCH!” said the wishing well.
• The next day the mouse came back to the well. She threw a penny into the well and made a wish. “OUCH!” said the well.
• The next day the mouse came back again. She threw a penny into the well. “I wish this well would not say ouch, ” she said. • “OUCH!” said the well. “That hurts. ” • “What shall I do? ” cried the mouse. “My wishes will never come true this way. ”
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