Philosophy of Science Ontology Epistemology and Axiology By

Philosophy of Science Ontology, Epistemology and Axiology By KRT. Adi Heru Husodo Public Health Department of Medical Faculty Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta

INTRODUCTION § In the context of the Philosophy of Science what we think with ONTOLOGY- EPISTEMOLOGY- AXIOLOGY are three in one line, because they have relationships among others. In short, other then the Scientific Method, there are Ontology, Epistemology and Axiology that need to be taken into account deeply when we want to develop the knowledge or sciences, therefore this lecture has its own specific value, especially to whom who want to expand the knowledge or science, for example to the someone who want to be the scientist or to be the researcher

DISCUSSION § When we are going to develop the knowledge, then some important points should be taken into mind, for examples are as bellow : § 1. One aspect of human being is that he/she wants to know more about WHAT (that is typical of ONTOLOGY question), for example: § - asking about the name § - asking about its group § - asking about its characteristic § and many other questions, but what we should be taken into mind is that Ontology is always asking about the simple things

§ 2. Human being is also would like to know more about the COMPLEX THINGS, for example: § How can it happen ? § Why it happen? (this is in term of EPISTEMOLOGY question) § What for this letter is made (this is in term of AXIOLOGY question)

§ 3. Epistemology means as : § Episteme = knowledge = the truth § Logos = think = word = theory § Therefore Epistemology = theory of the truth knowledge § = the Philosophy of knowledge § = the Theory of knowledge § = the Lecture of distinguish

§ that is why Epistemology is talking about theory of knowledge, the philosophy of science and the methodology, and in simple mean Epistemology is a branch of philosophy which talks about the knowledge, validity and the truth § Therefore, based on the above explanation there a note that § ONTOLOGY (using the simplest question of WHAT) § EPISTEMOLOGY (using the simple questions of HOW & WHY) § AXIOLOGY (using the most complex question of WHAT FOR)

§ The above 3 (Three) characters should be used when the knowledge is developed, and when the detection of the knowledge is success, then there is the knowledge that is found. The scientific knowledge (Science) is a tool for the human being to solve their problems. § Human being solve the problems by : § - Predicting § - Controlling all the signs of the world

§ Therefore the function of knowledge (Axiology) is : § 1. Explaining the signs of the world 2. Predicting what will happen 3. Controlling the situation of the world

Remember, knowledge is everything we know about the object and it includes the aspects of : THE FACT OR REALITY METHODOLOGY THE PURPOSE / VALUE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------AXIOLOGY ONTOLOGY WHAT : EPISTEMOLOGY MEDIA CHARACTERISTIC HOW ? RELATIONSHIP WHAT FOR THE RESULT OF ONTOLOGY & EPISTEMOLOGY

§ THE WAY OF THINKING TO PRODUCE THE KNOWLEDGE § Philosophy of knowledge is divided into 3 groups and its characteristics : § 1. ART § subjective § the description and its coverage are limited § giving initiation to the object

§ 2. RELIGION § § § - dogmatism - based on human belief - basen on spiritual life - the coverage is very large (life and after death) - subjective

§ 3. SCIENCE § § -objective or exact (can be tested) -understanding -explaining -controlling

Based on the above groupings then bellow is the way of thinking of how to produce the knowledge is : § § THE FACT I| METHODOLOGY | THE PURPOSE /VALUE | -------------------------------------------------I I I ------------------------------------------------- § § Ontology What ? Epistemology How? Relationship Axiology What for? As a result of Ontology and Epistemology

§ 1. Ontology is studying about the FACT of reality of the object which will resulted the knowledge § 2. Epistemology is studying on the specific way HOW to have the knowledge. Epistemology is theory of knowledge which study more about : § § § § probability where the knowledge come from the border of knowledge assumptions the fundament of knowledge validity and reliability of knowledge the truth of the knowledge (the Scientific Truth of knowledge)

§ 3. Axiology is THEORY OF VALUE which has a relation to the knowledge which is resulted § CONCLUSION § Developing the knowledge is not easy, and to do it we should use Ontology, Epistemology and Axiology.

§ REFERENCES § Anonim, 1997. Filsafat Ilmu Sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan, LP 3 UGM dan PT Intan Pariwara, Yogyakarta. § Mudhofir, Ali 1977. THE LIANG GIE SUATU KONSEPSI KE ARAH PENERTIBAN BIDANG FILSAFAT, Penerbit Karya Kencana, Yogyakarta. § Gie, The Liang 2000. PENGANTAR ILMU FILSAFAT, Penerbit Liberty, Yogyakarta § Astiyanto, Heniy 2006. FILSAFAT JAWA, Warta Pustaka, Yogyakarta §