Philippines During Japanese Occupation q By that time
Philippines During Japanese Occupation
q. By that time, the defending Philippine and U. S. troops were under the command of General Douglas Mac. Arthur. q. Lacking air cover, the American Asiatic Fleet in the Philippines withdrew to Java on December 12, 1941. q. Under the pressure of superior numbers, the defending forces withdrew to Bataan Peninsula and to the island of Corregidor at the entrance of Manila Bay where they entrenched and tried to hold until the arrival of reinforcements. But no reinforcements arrived.
• 1941 (Dec. 25) Gen. Douglas Mac. Arthur declared Manila an open city. (on the advice of commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezon to avoid its destruction) • 1942 (April 9) – US and Filipino defendants in Bataan surrendered to the Japanese
During World War II • Mac. Arthur escaped to Corregidor • 76, 000 captured soldiers were forced to embark on the "Death March" to a prison camp more than 100 kilometers north. • ~10, 000 prisoners died due to thirst, hunger and exhaustion.
The “Huks” • farmers of Pampanga banded together and created local brigades for their protection -Luis Taruc -Juan Feleo -Castro Alejandrino • agreed to fight the Japanese as a unified guerilla army
The “Huks” • They agreed to call their organization Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon or HUKBALAHAP. - Taruc was the leader - Alejandrino was his right hand - Members were simply called Huks.
The Philippine Executive Commission Established on January 23, 1942
The Philippine Executive Comission Chairperson: Jorge Vargas Dept. heads: Interior: Benigno Aquino Sr. Finance: Antonio delas Alas Justice: Jose P. Laurel Education, Health & Public Welfare: Claro M. Recto Public Works & Communication: Quintin Paredes Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: Jose Yulo
The Philippine Executive Comission • new constitution -noticeably lacked a bill of rights -contained 12 articles lifted from the 1935 constitution that fitted the wishes of the Japanese -was meant to be in effect only temporarily, while the Philippines still in chaos
The Second Republic
The Second Republic • September 20 1943 - the KALIBAPI held a party convention -to elect 54 members of the National Assembly (assembly was actually made of 108 members but half of this number was composed of incumbent governors and city mayors) -President: -Vice President: Jose P. Laurel Benigno Aquino Sr. Ramon Anancena
The Second Republic • Inauguration -October 14 1943 -on the front steps of the legislative building in Manila -Philippine flag was hoisted as the national anthem was played
The Second Republic • Meanwhile… -Japanese started using propaganda to gain the trust and confidence of Filipinos who refused to cooperate with them -hung giant posters and distribute their materials that contains such slogans as "the Philippines belong to the Filipinos. " -also used newspapers, movies, and others to publicize the same idea Promoting Japanese propaganda was one of the main objectives of the KALIBAPI, but still Japanese failed to gain the trust of the Filipinos.
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