PHENOLOGY Impacts of Spring Phenology on Carbon and
PHENOLOGY Impacts of Spring Phenology on Carbon and Energy Fluxes in the Midwest and Northeast USA UW-Milwaukee Geography
Research Contributions u Phenology data from R. Ahas, J. Caprio, X. Chen, DWD, A. Menzel, J. O’Keefe, and WPS u Flux data from S. Wofsy/Harvard Forest (19922000), Lamont ARM (1994 -1998), K. Davis/Park Falls/ WLEF (1997 -1999), S. Grimmond/H. Schmid/ Morgan Monroe (1999 -2000) , and D. Baldocchi/ K. Wilson/Oak Ridge (1996 -2000) u Phenology compositing technique adapted from a method developed by X. Chen UW-Milwaukee Geography
RESEARCH GOALS u. Dynamic Biosphere Models u. Terrestrial Biosphere Change Detection u. Improve Understanding of Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions UW-Milwaukee Geography
Integrated Approach u. Satellite Observations (AVHRR-NDVI) u. Indicator Species Phenology u. Native Species Phenology UW-Milwaukee Geography
Lilac First Leaf UW-Milwaukee Geography
Lilac First Bloom UW-Milwaukee Geography
Spring Indices (SI) Bloom Model Performance (3 plant average model output compared to lilac bloom data) UW-Milwaukee Geography
SI Bloom Comparison to European Plant Data UW-Milwaukee Geography
Comparisons to Harvard Forest Native Trees UW-Milwaukee Geography
Comparisons to Harvard Forest Native Trees UW-Milwaukee Geography
Comparisons to UW-Milwaukee Native Trees UW-Milwaukee Geography
Spring Index Comparison to USA SOS Dates UW-Milwaukee Geography
Diurnal Range Change with First Leaf UW-Milwaukee Geography
Station Locations UW-Milwaukee Geography
Spring Index Model Output for Selected Stations Composite Chill Date Station n min mean P. Falls 3 -24 -21 H. Forest 9 -21 MMonroe 2 Lamont O. Ridge min First Bloom Date mean max min mean max -15 110 117 125 130 139 153 -15 -9 97 111 118 133 140 148 4 8 11 70 80 90 111 113 115 5 10 17 22 54 58 62 83 90 97 5 8 24 50 50 59 77 76 89 102 UW-Milwaukee Geography max First Leaf Date
Flux Changes Relative to First Bloom Spring Index Harvard Forest, MA 1992 -2000 UW-Milwaukee Geography
Net Ecosystem Exchange Harvard Forest, MA 1992 -2000 UW-Milwaukee Geography
Comparative Latent minus Sensible Heat Flux UW-Milwaukee Geography
Comparative Net Ecosystem Exchange UW-Milwaukee Geography
Comparative Net Ecosystem Exchange Annual “Downturn” Rates UW-Milwaukee Geography
Comparative Net Radiation UW-Milwaukee Geography
PAR Relative to First Bloom Spring Index Harvard Forest, MA 1992 -2000 UW-Milwaukee Geography
Flux Changes at UWM Field Station, WI 2002 UW-Milwaukee Geography
Harvard Forest Native Species u u u u u Acer pensylvanicum striped maple A. rubrum red maple A. saccharum sugar maple* Amelanchier spp serviceberry, shadbush* Aronia spp chokeberry Betula alleghaniensis yellow birch* B. lenta black birch B. papyrifera paper birch* B. populifolia gray birch Castanea dentata American chestnut Cornus alternifolia alt. -leaved dogwood* Crataegus spp hawthorn* Fagus grandifolia American beech* Fraxinus americana white ash* Hamamelis virginiana witch-hazel* Ilex verticillata winterberry, black alder Kalmia angustifolia sheep laurel UW-Milwaukee Geography K. latifolia mountain laurel u Lyonia ligustrina maleberry u Nemopanthus mucronata mountain holly u Nyssa sylvatica black gum u Pinus strobus eastern white pine u Populus tremuloides trembling aspen* u Prunus serotina black cherry* u Quercus alba white oak u Q. rubra northern red oak* u Q. velutina black oak u Rhododendron roseum mountain azalea u Sambucus pubens red elderberry u Tsuga canadensis eastern hemlock u Vaccinium corymbosum highbush blueberry u Viburnum alnifolium hobblebush u V. cassinoides witherod u*= also observed at UWM Field Station u
Flux Changes Relative to First Bloom Spring Index Harvard Forest, MA UW-Milwaukee Geography
Harvard Forest Carbon Dioxide Flux UW-Milwaukee Geography
Phenological Changes near Ch. EAS sites UW-Milwaukee Geography
Phenological Regions in Wisconsin (Source: Zhao 2002) UW-Milwaukee Geography
ISI First Bloom for NP Region, WI compared to SI Indices for 475516 (ISI from Zhao and Schwartz, in progress) UW-Milwaukee Geography
Proposed FLUXNET Phenological Phases (coniferous sites) u NA (Needle appearance) u CF (Flowering) UW-Milwaukee Geography
Proposed FLUXNET Phenological Phases (deciduous sites) u SL (Sprouting of leaves) u UL (Beginning of the unfolding of leaves) u L 95 (95% of leaves at 95%+ of final size) u BF (Beginning of flowering) u FR (Fruit ripe) u CL (Coloring of leaves) UW-Milwaukee Geography
Proposed FLUXNET Phenological Phases (grassland sites) u IG (Initiation of growth, tiller emergence) u IF (Initiation of flowering, anthesis) u DF (Duration of flowering, anthesis) u PS (Peak seedheads) u LC (Leaves in canopy > 90% dry) UW-Milwaukee Geography
Global Phenological Monitoring u. European Phenology Network u. FLUXNET phenology protocol u. GLOBE phenology protocols u. Canada Plantwatch u. USA phenology network plans UW-Milwaukee Geography
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