PHENIX Upgrades Program Ed OBrien RHICAGS Users Meeting

PHENIX Upgrades Program Ed O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users Meeting June 5, 2006 Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

PHENIX Collaboration, 2006 14 Countries; 69 Institutions; 550 Participants* *as of July 2006 and growing Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

The PHENIX Detector Ø Ø Ø Detector Redundancy Fine Granularity, Mass Resolution High Data Rate Good Particle ID Limited Acceptance Charged Particle Tracking: Drift Chamber Pad Chamber Time Expansion Chamber/TRD Cathode Strip Chambers(Mu Tracking) Particle ID: Time of Flight Ring Imaging Cerenkov Counter TEC/TRD Muon ID (PDT’s) Aerogel Cerenkov Counter Calorimetry: Pb Scintillator Pb Glass SMD/ FCAL Event Characterization: Multiplicity Vertex Detector (Si Strip, Pad) Beam-Beam Counter Zero Degree Calorimeter/Shower Max Detector Forward Calorimeter Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

The RHIC Run History The RHIC machine performance has been very impressive: ØMachine is delivering design luminosity(+) for Au. Au, Cu. Cu ØCollided 4 different species in 5 years • Au. Au, d. Au, pp, Cu. Cu Ø 5 energies run • 19 Ge. V, 22. 5 Ge. V, 62. 4 Ge. V, 130 Ge. V, 200 Ge. V st Ø 1 operation of a polarized hadron collider s 1/2 [Ge. V ] Ldt PHENIX Year Species Ntot (sampled) Data Size Run 1 2000 Au-Au 130 1 b-1 10 M 3 TB Run 2 2001/02 Au-Au p-p 200 19 200 24 b-1 -----0. 15 pb-1 170 M <1 M 3. 7 G 10 TB 5. 5 G 6. 6 G 46 TB 35 TB 20 TB Run 3 2002/03 d-Au p-p 200 2. 74 nb-1 0. 35 pb-1 Run 4 2003/04 Au-Au p-p 200 62. 4 200 241 b-1 1. 53 G recorded 270 TB -1 9 b 58 M recorded 10 TB Machine Development Cu-Cu p-p 200 62. 4 200 Run 5 Run-6 2005 2006 p-p 200 Dr. Edward O’Brien 3 nb-1 0. 19 nb-1 2. 7 b-1 3. 8 pb-1 8. 6 G 0. 4 G 9 M 85 G 10. 6 pb-1 RHIC-AGS Users 173 TB 48 TB 1 TB 262 TB 350 TB+ June 5, 2006

Physics Accomplishments and What Do We Next Explore ? • 47 PHENIX physics papers to date either published or submitted to scientific journals Topics in those papers cover a range – – – – – J/Y production in HI collisons High p. T suppression and energy loss Observation of direct photons Elliptic flow including flow of heavy quarks Jet behavior Charge fluctuations Anomalous Baryon/meson ratios Double spin asymmetry ALL in polarized proton collision Single spin asymmetry AN Nuclear modification factors in d-Au collisions……. . Future topics and the motivation for detector upgrades – – – – – Flavor-tagged high p. T physics ( Energy loss, baryon/meson anomally) Low mass electron pair continuum (Thermal radiation, chiral symmetry) Heavy quark behavior (c, b quark characteristics in dense medium) charmonium spectroscopy (J/ , ’ , c and (1 s), (2 s), (3 s)) gluon spin structure (DG/G) through g-jet correlations quark spin structure (Dq/q) through W-production Transversity A-, p. T-, x-dependence of the parton structure of nuclei gluon saturation and the color glass condensate at low x Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

The Upgraded PHENIX Detector Charged Particle Tracking: Ø Detector Redundancy Drift Chamber Ø Granularity, Mass Resolution Pad. Fine Chamber Time Expansion Chamber/TRD Ø High Data Rate Cathode Strip Chambers(Mu Tracking) Forward Trigger Ø Good. Muon Particle IDDetector Si Vertex Tracking Detector- Barrel (Pixel + Strips) Ø Limited Acceptance Si Vertex Endcap (mini-strips) Particle ID: Particle Tracking: Charged Time of Flight Drift Chamber Ring Imaging Cerenkov Counter Pad Chamber TEC/TRD Time Expansion Chamber/TRD Muon ID (PDT’s) Cathode Strip Chambers(Mu Tracking) Aerogel Cerenkov Counter Particle ID: Multi-Resistive Plate Chamber Time of Flight Hadron Detector Ring Blind Imaging Cerenkov Counter Calorimetry: TEC/TRD Pb Muon Scintillator ID (PDT’s) Pb Aerogel Glass Cerenkov Counter Nose Cone Calorimeter Calorimetry: Muon Piston Calorimeter Pb Scintillator Event Characterization: Pb Glass Beam-Beam Counter Event Characterization: Zero Degree Calorimeter/Shower Detector Multiplicity Vertex Detector (Si. Max Strip, Pad) Forward Calorimeter Beam-Beam Counter Data Acquisition: Zero Degree Calorimeter/Shower Max Detector DAQ Upgrade Forward Calorimeter Dr. Edward O’Brien SMD/ FCAL RHIC-AGS Users FCAL June 5, 2006

PHENIX with Upgrade Detectors Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

Upgrade Schedule Scenario 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Aerogel TOF-W HBD VTX-barrel VTX-endcap NCC Mu. Trigger DAQ R&D Phase Construction Phase Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006 Ready for Data

Upgrade Physics 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Flavor Tagged high p. T Physics Aerogel Flavor Tagged high p. T Physics TOF-W HBD Low mass di-electrons VTX-barrel VTX-endcap NCC -jet, jet tomography, heavy quark spectroscopy -jet, CGC, W-polarization, jet tomography, heavy quark physics Mu. Trigger Quark spin structure, W-polarization DAQ New subsystems, higher luminosity, higher data rates R&D Phase Construction Phase Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006 Ready for Data

Recent Progress Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

PHENIX DAQ Performance in Each Run 2004 -5 2003 -4 2002 -3 Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

Comparable Data Archiving Rates ALICE All in MB/s all approximate PHENIX Run-5 PHENIX Run Control ~1250 PHENIX Run-4 PHENIX Run-3 PHENIX Run-2 ATLAS CMS ~150 LHCb ~100 ~25 ~100 ~40 Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006 ~600

Aerogel Cerenkov in PHENIX • Install 4 m 2 Aerogel array by 2005 • 2 m 2 array is installed now • Aerogel is Si. O 2 -based material • Index n= 1. 0114 • Additional TOF (MRPC) array to be installed behind Aerogel • Particle ID to > 8 Ge. V/c for p, K, p Aerogel Array Rφ Z 160 Cells : 16 x 10 PMT’s Light Mixer Aerogel Cell (11 x 22 x 11 cm 3) Aluminum Box Aerogel in here Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

Aerogel Installation Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

New Results from Aerogel Detector Veto of charged pions for 1 Ge. V/c < p < 6 Ge. V/c Extension of identified charged Pion spectrum using Aerogel PHENIX Work in Progress Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

TOF MRPC Final Design Honeycomb width = 12 cm Total active area width = 11. 2 cm Strip width = 2. 81 cm Strip interval = 0. 3 cm Readout strip thickness = 0. 5 mm PCB thickness = 1. 5 mm Outer glass = 1. 1 mm Inner glass = 0. 55 mm Gas gap = 0. 23 mm carbon tape = 0. 9 mm Mylar thickness = 0. 25 mm Honeycomb thickness = 9. 5 mm Inner glass width = 11. 2 cm Glass Outer glass width = 11. 5 cm PCB width = 13 cm Electrode Mylar PC board Readout pad Honeycomb Standoff PCB length = 42. 8 cm Outer glass length = 37. 4 cm Strip length = 37 cm Honeycomb = 38 cm Inner glass length = 37 cm Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

Time of Flight –West: MRPC Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

Muon Piston Calorimeter • Array of Pb. WO 4 crystals mounted inside a recess in the Muon magnet pistons. • 240 crystals S covering 3. 0 < |h| < 4. 0 • Physics motivation is: – Spin asymmetries in forward regions – CGC Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

Future Progress Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

Assembled HBD Preparing for Engineering run in Run-6 e+ e po e+ e - Gas out “combinatorial pairs” S/B ~ 1/500 total background 2 x 21 HV connectors for 2 x 3 detector modules 1212. 8 mm all signal Irreducible charm background charm signal Entrance window: Removable or glued? Measuring the e+econtinuum FR 4 frame all around the spacer Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

Hadron Blind Detector Preamps Triple Cs. I-doped GEMs Gas Box for CF 4 Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

HBD Prototype in PHENIX IR • Connected to PHENIX gas system supplying high purity CF 4 (levels dropped to ~ 15 ppm O 2 and 20 ppm H 20 shortly after installation). Many thanks to the PHENIX Tech Crew for a job well done ! Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users • Measure QE with flash lamp & determined that photocathode is in good condition. • Gas gain agrees with what was measured at Stony Brook and has been stable since installation. June 5, 2006

PHENIX Acceptance for -jet Measurement 2 p Prompt photons: Jet (charged): Jet (energy): EMCal |h| < 0. 35 VTX (Barrel) |h| < 1. 2 EMCal |h| < 0. 35 NCC 0. 9 < |h| < 3. 0 FVTX (endcap) 1. 2 < |h| < 2. 7 NCC 0. 9 < |h| < 3. 0 0 f coverage 10 Ge V 4 Ge. V -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 Large acceptance for -jet tomography: Expect measurements out to Ejet > 20 Ge. V Large acceptance for flavor tagging Limited acceptance. Dr. for p –O’Brien meson. RHIC-AGS separation Edward Users June 5, 2006 3 ra

Integrating Upgrade Detectors in the PHENIX 2 Central Region NCC VTX + End cap silicon Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

Details of VTX Readout 20 2 pixel layers and 2 strip layers readout through the ‘service disks’ located at the high-z end of the detector Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

Physics with VTX n tio QCD at high temperature • Detail investigation of the hot and dense strongly interacting matter – – – c u d Energy loss of heavy quarks in the dense Elliptic flow of heavy quarks Open beauty production. Accurate charm reference for quarkonium. Determine QQ background of Thermal dilepton continuum Improve Upsilon e+e- measurement k r a y v o r p u Q Spin structure of nucleon • Gluon spin structure of the nucleon ea – Gluon polarization G/G with charm, beauty. – x dependence of G /G with -jet correlations. d r Nuclear structureoin nuclei w – Nuclear dependence of PDFs. y e – Saturation physics: K – Gluon shadowing over broad x-range QCD in cold nuclei • = H Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

Barrel VTX Detector • Specifications: – – Large acceptance (Df ~ 2 p and |h| < 1. 2) Displaced vertex measurement s < 40 m Charged particle tracking sp/p ~ 5% p at high p. T Detector must work for both of heavy ion and pp collisions. • Technology Choice – Hybrid pixel detectors developed at CERN for ALICE – Strip detectors, sensors developed at BNL with FNAL’s SVX 4 readout chip Hybrid Pixel Detectors (50 m x 425 m) at R ~ 2. 5 & 5 cm Strip Detectors (80 m x 3 cm) at R ~ 10 & 14 cm strip layers pixel layers beam pipe Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006 |h|<1. 2 f ~ 2 p z ~ ± 10 cm

VTX parameters Pixel detector Strip detector VTX Layer R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 Geometrical dimensions R (cm) 2. 5 5 10 14 z (cm) 21. 8 31. 8 38. 2 Area (cm 2) 280 560 1960 3400 Channel count Radiation length (X/X 0) BEAM Sensor size R z (cm 2) 1. 28 1. 36 (256 × 32 pixels) 3. 43 × 6. 36 (384 × 2 strips) Channel size 50 425 mm 2 80 mm 3 cm (effective 80 1000 mm 2) Sensors/ladder 4 4 Dr. Edward O’Brien 6 Ladders 10 20 18 26 Sensors 160 320 90 156 Readout chips 160 320 1080 1872 Readout channels 1, 310, 720 2, 621, 440 138, 240 239, 616 Sensor 0. 22% 0. 67 % Readout 0. 16% 0. 64 % Bus 0. 28% Ladder & cooling 0. 78% 0. 78 % Total 1. 44% 2. 1 % Layer radius Detector Layer 1 2. 5 Pixel Strip 5 c m RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006 Occupancy in Central Au+Au collision 0. 53 %

Physics Goals: Gluon polarization DG(x) Polarized p+p collisions Gluon Polarization Gluon polarization can be measured by doule-spin asymmetry A_LL of direct photon and heavy quark production in polarized pp collisions Jet + direct constraint on xg Ø charm and bottom identification by displaced vertex ØJet identification with larger acceptance Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

Tracker performance in simulation • Improvement in heavy-flavor electron measurement Select DCA>200 mm meson Lifetime(mm) D± 312 D 0 123 B± 501 B 0 460 DCA ( m) Electron DCA distribution from charm, beauty and p 0 Dalitz decay Dr. Edward O’Brien Electron Signal from charm /Background as a function of p. T cut. Factor 20 improvement with DCA cut than without cut at 2 Ge. V RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

34 Details of Nosecone Calorimeter Electromagnetic Sections Hadronic Section Mechanical support from CM steel pole piece, shelf top and bottom, Kevlar strap across face (one idea). Still needs integration of electronics modules and services. These will all come off both sides (E & W). Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

0 f coverage 2 p Nose Cone Calorimeter Coverage EMC NCC EMC -3 -2 η coverage from 1 to 3 RHIC II – luminosity x 10 PHENIX acceptance x 10 Dr. Edward O’Brien -1 0 1 2 3 η Precision measurements possible Note: Scope of DOE Proposal: 1 NCC RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

What is it? The parts of the NCC The PS and SM Detectors: SM 0 identifying π s 500 um pitch Strips (“Stri. Pixels”) PS “pre-shower” SM “shower max” 30 Ge. V π0 HAD hadron identifier Silicon pads 1. 5 x 1. 5 cm 2 Tungsten 3 mm (EM) & 15 mm (HAD) Depth: 42 X 0 (1. 6 λABS) in talk by Edouard Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

NCC Physics – A+A collisions • What is the energy loss mechanism of partons as they traverse the s. QGP? How much energy is lost? – Probe the media with hard scattering • Best measured by p 0’s and ’s: • NCC greatly extend reach of p 0 and direct RAA measurements • NCC facilities -jet correlation measurements with or jet in NCC • What is the deconfinement temperature? – Measure multiple heavy quarkonia states 0 Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users PHENIX + Si endcap PHENIX CENTRAL • NCC in conjunction with muon arms adds a c measurement through its decay c J/ + in Cu+Cu and possibly Au+Au. June 5, 2006 PHENIX NCC 1 , p 0, jets, 2 3 e, m, mm, em y

NCC Physics – p(d)+A collisions • What are the gluon structure functions in high gluon density region? How does the system thermalize so quickly? 104 1. Low x (large rapidity) needed to probe high gluon density • Color Glass Condensate Central arms prompt 103 Q 2 10 – Is it the correct theory at RHIC? – Initial conditions at RHIC? • Photons clean probe – Prompt photon measurements – Photon-jet correlations • Hadron and di-electron measurements 2 NCC prompt 10 1 200 Ge. V 10 -1 -5 10 10 -4 10 -3 x 10 -2 10 -1 1 If we have a NCC in both arms we gain the ability to simultaneously study the proton and the heavy ion side of the collisions. Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

3 VTX Barrel and Forward VTX 78 cm 66 cm 45 cm Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

FVTX Critical for Several Physics Measurements • Open heavy flavor energy loss and flow likely unable to distinguish between various theoretical models without the addition of the FVTX • Separation of charm and beauty not possible without FVTX • Y’ measurement likely not possible from most data sets without FVTX • Drell-Yan measurements become possible from the continuum with FVTX (only way to separate DY from open charm without heavily relying on models) • J/y recombination will not be very well constrained unless the total cross section from charm is measured much better than is currently possible. FVTX will bring significant improvements in total cross section measurement Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

First Exclusive Measurement of Beauty Requires FVTX Observable Counts per RHIC-I I p+p Au+Au week Counts per RHIC-II p+p week Counts per RHIC-II Au+Au week Luminosity 9. 9 pb-1 0. 33 nb-1 33 pb-1 2. 5 nb-1 B J/ X μμ ~200 ~220 ~650 ~1. 7 k Note: Prompt J/ s scaled down by 100 • Physics Motivation: • Open beauty measurement needed to separate charm and beauty components from single lepton measurements • Only explicit measurement of open beauty • Relatively free of background because prompt AND displaced B-decay vertex can be reconstructed • Additionally, c and b may be separated by different lifetimes of D, B Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

Forward Muon Trigger • Trigger on high p. T muons at the highest anticipated RHIC luminosities – W physics in polarized p-p • Resistive Plate Chamber technology chosen by PHENIX – Cheap – wide coverage possible – Can leverage existing RPC R&D from CMS – Timing information • reject beam backgrounds • track association with correct bunch Trigger RPC Locations Time Dist by Detector 40 ns • Two small prototypes successfully tested in Run 05 • Will be funded by US NSF + contributions of PHENIX inst. Dr. Edward O’Brien Shielding RPC 1 RPC 2 Scint – 3 -dim space point for enhanced pattern recognition Recent PHENIX Test SC 2 SC 1 RPC 2 RPC 1 RPC 2 60 ns Top View RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

Summary • PHENIX has just completed its fifth successful year of data taking • Much of our physics interest over the next 5 -7 years is associated with the PHENIX Upgrades program • • • e+e- continuum High p. T physics with flavor-tagging Large rapidity coverage for – jet W – parity Gluon saturation and Color-Glass condensate…… • The PHENIX Upgrade Plan has a good start in its implemention • • Aerogel is complete TOF-West is complete Hadron Blind Detector is under construction. Complete in 3 months. VTX-Barrel construction is underway. Project is approved by both DOE and RIKEN-Japan. • Forward Muon Trigger has secured funding for production (NSF-China). Design has started. • NCC and FVTX R&D is underway. Both projects have submitted proposals to DOE. • DAQ Upgrade R&D is ongoing • Plan is to have Upgrades detectors built, installed and commissioned in time for start-up of RHIC-II high luminosity running. Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

Back Up Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

PHENIX Acceptance for -jet Measurement Prompt photons: NCC Recoil jets (charged): FVTX 0 f coverage 2 p Prompt photons: central EMCal Recoil Jet (charged): VTX -3 -2 -1 0 Large acceptance for -jet measurement Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006 1 2 3 ra

Integrating Upgrade Detectors in the PHENIX 2 Central Region NCC VTX + End cap silicon Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

TOF-West Review This Afternoon EC/DC Review of TOF-W seeking approval to begin construction Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006

PHENIX view of RHIC Upgrade Plans Near term: Base line Long term: full detector Medium term: first upgrades and RHIC upg 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20 Analysis of data on tape Near term detector upgrades of Commissioning PHENIX TOF-W, HBD, VTX , Trig PHENIX upgrades. Long term upgrades FVTX, TPC/GEM, NCC RHIC baseline program Au-Au ~ 250 b-1 at 200 Ge. V Species scan at 200 Ge. V Au-Au energy scan Polarized protons 150 nb-1 40 x design luminosity for Au-Au via electron cooling RHIC luminosity upgrad Extended program with 1 st detector upgrades: Full utilization of RHIC opportunities: Au-Au ~ 1. 5 nb-1 at 200 Ge. V Polarized p at 500 Ge. V (start p-A program) Studies of QGP with rare probes: jet tomography, open flavor, J/ , ’, c, (1 s), (2 s), (3 s) Dr. Edward O’Brien RHIC-AGS Users June 5, 2006