PHENIX ALL in neutral pion production midrapidity 0
- Slides: 81
グルーオンスピンの寄与 • PHENIX ALL in neutral pion production – mid-rapidity | | < 0. 35, s = 200 Ge. V G = 0. 4 at Q 2=1(Ge. V/c)2 G = 0. 1 at Q 2=1(Ge. V/c)2 gg + qg dominant sensitive to the gluon reaction 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 7
グルーオンスピンの寄与 • PHENIX ALL of 0 Calc. by W. Vogelsang and M. Stratmann – GRSV-std scenario, G = 0. 4 at Q 2 = 1(Ge. V/c)2, excluded by data on more than 3 -sigma level, 2(std) 2 min > 9 • only experimental statistical uncertainties included (the effect of systematic uncertainties expected to be small in the final results) • theoretical uncertainties not included 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 8
クォーク偏極分布のフレーバー依存 • weak boson production – RHIC spin • s = 500 Ge. V • 2009 – – parity-violating asymmetry AL – no fragmentation ambiguity 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 9
SSA(Single Spin Asymmetry)測定 • 前方 – RHIC実験 + • s = 200 Ge. V K p 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 11
Sea-quark分布のフレーバー非対称性 • Fermilab E 866 Drell-Yan実験 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 16
J-PARC dimuon実験 • • • 800 -Ge. VビームでのFermilab実験のスペクトロメータがベース 長さを短く、apertureはできるだけ広く保つ 2台のbending-magnet、p. T キック 2. 5 -Ge. V/cと 0. 5 -Ge. V/c 3 -stationのMWPCとドリフトチェンバーによるtracking ミューオンIDとtracking tapered copper beam dump and Cu/C absorbers placed within the first magnet 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 19
J-PARC dimuon実験 • 縦偏極Drell-Yan実験 – ALL測定 • sea-quark偏極分布のフレーバー非対称性 GS-C GS-A GRSV chiral quark soliton model prediction 120 -day run 75% polarization for a 5 1011 protons/spill polarized solid NH 3 target, 75% hydrogen polarization and 0. 15 dilution factor 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 21
Sea-quark偏極分布のフレーバー非対称性 • 偏極Drell-Yan実験 – x: 0. 25 – 0. 5 • RHICでのW 生成 – x: 0. 05 – 0. 1 GS-C GS-A GRSV reduction of uncertainties to determine the quak spin contribution and gluon spin contribution G to the proton spin 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 22
偏極Drell-Yan実験 • SSA (AN) measurement 4 < M + - < 5 Ge. V integrated over q. T Theory calculation by Ji, Qiu, Vogelsang and Yuan based on Sivers function fit of HERMES data (Vogelsang and Yuan: PRD 72, 054028 (2005)) 2007年 11月12日(月) 1000 fb-1 (120 -day run), 75% polarization, no dilution factor RCNP Workshop 25
偏極Drell-Yan実験 • ATT measurement – h 1(x): transversity • SSA measurement, sin( + S) term – h 1(x): transversity – h 1 (1)(x): Boer-Mulders function (1 st moment of) 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 26
非偏極Drell-Yan実験 • Boer-Mulders function h 1 (x, k. T 2) – angular distribution of unpolarized Drell-Yan – correlation between transverse quark spin and quark transverse momentum 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 27
非偏極Drell-Yan実験 • Boer-Mulders function by unpol. Drell-Yan – Lam-Tung relation • reflect the spin-1/2 nature of quarks – violation of the Lam-Tung relation suggests nonperturbative origin With Boer-Mulders function h 1┴: ν(π-W µ+µ-X)~valence h 1┴(π)*valence h 1┴(p) ν(pd µ+µ-X)~valence h 1┴(p)*sea h 1┴(p) L. Y. Zhu, J. C. Peng, P. Reimer et al. , hep-ex/0609005 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 28
Towards the goal • 30 Ge. V 50 Ge. V • unpolarized target polarized beam – polarized beam study by BNL & KEK groups – possible locations of partial snakes in MR First 30% snake 2007年 11月12日(月) Second 30% snake RCNP Workshop 29
Polarized proton acceleration at J-PARC – 50 Ge. V polarized protons for slow extracted beam primary fixed target experiments – low intensity (~ 1012 ppp), low emittance (10 mm mrad) beams p. C CNI Polarimeter Extracted Beam Polarimeter - Pol. H Source Rf Dipole 180/400 Me. V Polarimeter 25 -30% Helical Partial Siberian Snakes Thomas Roser (BNL), et al. 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 30
Physics at 30 Ge. V • J/ – gluon fusion or quark-pair annihilation – quark-pair annihilation dominant • must be confirmed experimentally… • similar physics topics as Drell-Yan process calculations by color-evaporation model eq J/ 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 31
Physics at 30 Ge. V • SSA measurement of open charm production J-PARC: Elab = 50 Ge. V – no single-spin transfer to the final state – sensitive to initial state effect: Sivers effect – collider energies: gluonfusion dominant • sensitive to gluon Sivers RHIC: s = 200 Ge. V effect – fixed-target energies: quarkpair annihilation dominant • sinsitive to quark Sivers effect M. Anselmino, U. D’Alesio, F. Murgia, et al. 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 32
まとめ • J-PARC dimuon 実験のスピン物理メニュー – 縦偏極 ALL of Drell-Yan • sea-quark 偏極のフレーバー非対称性 – 横偏極 AN of Drell-Yan • Sivers関数(sin( - S) term) • transversity分布関数 & Boer-Mulders関数(sin( + S) term) – 横偏極 ATT of Drell-Yan • transversity分布関数 – その他(30 -Ge. V) • J/ : Drell-Yan と同様のメニュー? • AN of open charm: Sivers関数 • (neutron-tagged Drell-Yan) 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 33
Backup Slides 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop
核子スピン1/2の起源 ? • 偏極レプトン深非弾性散乱実験 more correctly – 実験データ target polarization beam polarization depolarization factor 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 36
縦偏極の実験 • クォークスピンとグルーオンスピンの寄与の測定 – QCD collinear factorization – Q 2 evolution – global analysis 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 38
QCD factorization – ex. hadron production in proton collisions • pp h. X parton distribution function (PDF) fragmentation function (FF) partonic cross section long distance term short distance term factorization scale – boundary between short and long distance 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 39
QCD factorization • long distance term – – – unpol. & pol. PDFs – partonic structure of the nucleon fragmentation functions determined from experimental data “universal” property of the nucleon – same in each reaction Q 2 dependence calculated by the evolution equation of the perturbative QCD • short distance term – unpol. & pol. partonic cross section – hard interaction of partons – calculated by the perturbative QCD – process dependent – the first order (next-to-leading order, NLO) corrections are generally indispensible for a firmer theoretical prediction 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 40
QCD factorization • factorization scale – dependence of the calculated cross section on represents an uncertainty in theoretical predictions – dependence on decreases order-by-order in the perturbative QCD – knowledge of higher orders in perturbative expansion of the partonic cross section is important 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 41
Global QCD analysis • framework to combine various experimental data into a systematically controlled extraction of the unpol. & pol. PDFs, FFs – experimental data adata(x, Q 2) with experimental errors adata(x, Q 2) – function form (parametrizations) of PDFs and FFs satisfying physical requirements at the initial Q 20 – Q 2 evolution of PDFs/FFs and theoretical calculation corresponding to the experimental data acalc(x, Q 2) – 2 analysis (minimization) – parameters (and errors on the parameters) determined 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 42
Global analysis • polarized-DIS analysis – GRSV, LSS, BB, AAC, … • AAC 03 M. Hirai, S. Kumano, and N. Saito, PRD 69, 054021 (2004) – NLO analysis – fit A 1 data with function forms polarized PDFs (GRV 98) – experimental A 1 data • proton data: EMC, SMC, E 130, E 143, E 155, HERMES • deuteron data: SMC, E 143, E 155 • neutron (3 He) data: E 142, E 154, HERMES 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 43
Global analysis • polarized-DIS analysis well determined more experimental data necessary 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 44
グルーオンスピンの寄与 • 偏極ハドロン衝突実験 – double helicity asymmetry – leading-order グルーオン測定 • 光子の直接生成 • 重いフレーバー生成 proton beam or or gluon photon gluon or or proton beam 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop heavy flavor 46
HERMES @ DESY • semi-inclusive DIS – internal polarized gas target: H, D, 3 He, polarization (H, D) ~85% – electron/positron beam: 27. 6 Ge. V, polarization ~55% 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 47
COMPASS @ CERN • semi-inclusive DIS – polarized 6 Li. D target: polarization ~50% – + beam: 160 Ge. V, polarization ~80% trigger-hodoscopes DW 45 SM 2 dipole RICH_1 straw s Muonfilter 2, MW 2 Gem_1 1 ECAL 2, HCAL 2 HCAL 1 SM 1 dipole MWPC Gems Scifi Polarised Target Muon-filter 1, MW 1 Veto Silicon BMS 2007年 11月12日(月) Sci. Fi straws, MWPC, Gems, Sc i. Fi Gems, Sci. Fi, DCs, straws Micromegas, DC, Sci. Fi RCNP Workshop 48
グルーオンスピンの寄与 • semi-inclusive 深非弾性散乱実験 – HERMES@DESY • 高p. Tハドロン対生成 – SMC@CERN • 高p. Tハドロン対生成 – COMPASS@CERN • 高p. Tハドロン対生成 • オープンチャーム生成 lepton beam or * heavy flavor gluon nucleon target 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 49
RHICスピン計画@BNL • 偏極陽子衝突型加速器 – エネルギー 200 Ge. V (将来は 500 Ge. V) – 偏極度 60%以上 (目標は 70%) RHIC p. C Polarimeters BRAHMS & PP 2 PP Absolute Polarimeter (H jet) PHOBOS Siberian Snakes PHENIX STAR Spin Rotators (longitudinal polarization) Solenoid Partial Siberian Snake Pol. H Source LINAC Spin flipper Spin Rotators (longitudinal polarization) BOOSTER Helical Partial Siberian Snake 200 Me. V Polarimeter AGS Internal Polarimeter Rf Dipole AGS p. C Polarimeters Strong AGS Snake 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 50
STAR and PHENIX @ BNL • STAR detector • 2 coverage for jet measurement • barrel TPC and EMC • endcap EMC • PHENIX detector • limited acceptance • high resolution central EMCal • high-rate trigger and DAQ • forward muon detectors 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 51
生成断面積測定 • perturbative QCD applicable ? – dependence of the calculated cross section on represents an uncertainty in theoretical predictions M. Stratmann and W. Vogelsang 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 52
生成断面積測定 – comparison of 0 cross section between data and NLO perturbative-QCD calculations – agreement is excellent down even to p. T ~ 1 Ge. V/c mid-rapidity forward rapidity 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 53
グルーオンスピンの寄与 • STAR ALL of jet 2005 STAR preliminary GRSV DIS Systematic error band Measured Jet PT (Ge. V/c) 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 54
グルーオンスピンの寄与 • 直接生成光子 – mid-rapidity | | < 0. 35, s = 200 Ge. V – gluon compton process dominant ~75% proton beam or gluon photon or proton beam 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 55
Gluon polarization • ALL projection – 0 and direct photon at PHENIX • mid-rapidity | | < 0. 35, s = 200 Ge. V • 2005 – 2009 runs GRSV-std 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop GRSV-std 56
Gluon polarization • ALL projection – jet at STAR • -1 < < 2 • s = 200 Ge. V • 2005 run GRSV-std – coincidence channels • dijet, 0 - 0, -jet, - 0 • reconstruction of partonic kinematics 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 57
クォーク偏極のフレーバー依存 • various quark and antiquark polarization individually – reduction of uncertainties to determine the quak spin contribution and gluon spin contribution G to the proton spin • semi-inclusive DIS – HERMES – Pqh(x, z): purity • unpolarized quantity 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 58
非偏極分布関数 Sivers関数 Helicity分布関数 Transversity分布関数 Boer-Mulders関数 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop P. Mulders 60
SSA(Single Spin Asymmetry)測定 • 前方ラピディティー – 非対称度 ~20% – 多くのQCDに基づく理論の開発 s = 19. 4 Ge. V s = 200 Ge. V Fermilab-E 704 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 171801 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 61
前方ラピディティー + K p 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 62
中央ラピディティー • PHENIX – 異なる運動学的領域 • • • contribution from both gluon-gluon and quark-gluon reactions x = 0. 03 – 0. 1 small quark polarization/transversity no gluon transversity in leading twist negligible transversity & Collins effect contribution 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 63
中性子生成非対称度@IP 12 • performed in 2001 -2002 with s = 200 Ge. V polarized proton collisions at the 12 o’clock collision point ~ 1800 cm ± 2. 8 mrad Dx magnet 10 cm Blue beam yellow beam Hadron Cal hodoscope EM Cal Charged veto (plastic scinti. ) Post shower counter Steel To measure Collision point Gamma veto (plastic scinti. ) Lead block 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop Neutron veto (plastic scinti. )64
中性子生成非対称度@IP 12 • Phys. Lett. B 650 (2007) 325. 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop invariant mass of pairs of energy clusters 65
J-PARC facility Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility Hadron Beam Facility Nuclear Transmutation 500 m Neutrino to Kamiokande Linac (330 m) 3 Ge. V Synchrotron (25 Hz, 1 MW) 50 Ge. V Synchrotron (0. 75 MW) J-PARC = Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex Joint Project between KEK and JAEA 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 66
J-PARC parameters • 50 Ge. V beam – – – repetition 3. 4 ~ 5 (or 6) sec flat top width 0. 7 ~ 2 (or 3) sec linac energy 400 Me. V 3. 3 1014 ppp, 15 A beam power 750 k. W • 30 Ge. V beam (phase-1) – linac energy 180 Me. V – 2 1014 ppp, 9 A – beam power 270 k. W 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 67
Hadron experimental hall (phase 1) beamlines for secondary beam experiments at the beginning of the phase 1 Experimental Area Test Beam A-Line Beam Dump (on the guide rail for Phase 2) area for primary beam experiments 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 68
Sea-quark分布のflavor非対称性 • Gottfried sum rule – in the parton model with isospin symmetry – CERN NMC experiment 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 69
Dimuon experiment • Fermilab E 866/Nu. Sea – closed geometry Fermilab Elab = 800 Ge. V 2× 1012 protons / 20 sec 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 70
Simulation studies • Expected Drell-Yan counts for a two-month p+d run at 50 Ge. V – 2 x 1012 protons/spill – 50 -cm long liquid deuterium target – assume 50 percent overall efficiency 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 71
Physics at 30 Ge. V – cross section • PYTHIA (6. 228) study with PHENIX tune (<k. T> = 1. 5 Ge. V/c, Mc = 1. 25 Ge. V/c 2, K-factor = 3. 5, Q 2 = s) Wohri and Lourenco 1 10 0. 1 1 10 15 consistent at fixed-target region, too 0. 1 15 smaller yield (same result as Laurenco’s study) • J-PARC: 3 -4 order smaller cross section that at RHIC – can be compensated by higher intensity/luminosity at J-PARC… 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 72
D-meson – silicon detectors to identify second decay vertex – yield study • • • p. T 109 proton/sec beam 10% target 2× 1033 cm-2 sec-1 × 1 week = 103 pb-1 acceptance 0. 05 – 0. 3 to cover forward/mid-rapidity/backward D 0 yield p. T > 1. 5 Ge. V/c 5. 5× 106 D 0 for 103 pb-1 1. 5 Ge. V/c -1 2007年 11月12日(月) x. F 1 -1 RCNP Workshop x. F 1 73
SSA measurements – neutron-tagged measurement • measure AN of coincident particles at BBC at PHENIX • forward neutron, forward BBC, left-right – ( 4. 50 0. 22) 10 2 < 0 • forward neutron, backward BBC, left-right – (2. 28 0. 55 0. 10) 10 2 > 0 – asymmetry in the forward BBC has the same sign while backward particle has opposite sign AN initial-state effect - favored Y p AN(X) < 0, AN(Y) > 0 N*( *) n+X X p final-state effect AN(X) > 0, AN(Y)? ? n 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 74
SSA measurements – neutron-tagged measurement of Drell-Yan pair… • Jen-Chieh Peng’s calculation expecting sensitivity to the meson cloud model, and measurement of pion structure 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 75
Polarized proton acceleration • AGS warm helical partial Siberian snake Ø Ø replaced solenoidal partial snake same design as cold snake (dual pitch) 1. 5 Tesla field ~ 6 % partial snake (w/o generating coupling) Ø funded by RIKEN, built by Takano Ind. Thomas Roser (BNL), et al. 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 76
Polarized proton acceleration • 25 % AGS super-conducting helical snake completed helical dipole coil correction solenoid and dipoles measured twist angle 2 deg/cm in the middle ~ 4 deg/cm at ends Thomas Roser (BNL), et al. 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 77
Polarized proton acceleration at J-PARC • Intrinsic resonances in RCS • emittance: 10 mm-mrad, 95% • repetition rate 25 Hz • sinusoidal ramping • kinetic energy: 180 Me. V – 3 Ge. V • intrinsic resonance strength for a particle at an emittance of 10 mm-mrad Fast tune jump? =6. 18 x 10 -5 Full spin flip by a rf dipole =7. 63 x 10 -5 =6. 60 x 10 -5 =2. 33 x 10 -5 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop Mei Bai (BNL) 78
Polarized proton acceleration at J-PARC • Spin tracking in 50 Ge. V MR average of 12 particles on an ellipse of 4 mmmrad 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop Alfredo Luccio (BNL) 79
Polarized target • Michigan polarized target – existing at KEK – target thickness ~3 cm (1% target) – maybe operational with 1011 ppp (luminosity ~1034 cm-2 s-1) 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 80
SSA measurements of neutron – large asymmetry found at RHIC – production mechanism of neutron • one-pion exchange dominant – spin flip • figures for study in DIS exps. (HERA), please replace virtual photon with proton to apply them for pp reaction – asymmetry measurement • sensitive to interference between spin-flip term (one-pion exchange) and non-spinflip term (other reggeon exchanges) – relation to the meson-cloud model? – neutron-tagged measurement of Drell-Yan? • production rate • asymmetry measurement 2007年 11月12日(月) RCNP Workshop 81
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