Pharynx and larynx Funnelshaped from skull base to

Pharynx and larynx Funnel-shaped: from skull base to C 6

Larynx (voice box)

Longus capitis m. Longus colli m. Anterior scalene m.

Recurrent laryngeal n. Internal laryngeal n.

Superior laryngeal a. from sup. thyroid a.

Internal laryngeal n. from vagus n. External laryngeal n. Recurrent laryngeal n.

Muscles of the larynx l. Extrinsic muscle infrahyoid m. and suprahyoid m. l. Intrinsic muscle

Intrinsic muscle of larynx (9塊肌) 聲門裂的開閉 (決定聲音的大小) (1)Lateral cricoarytenoid (環杓外肌)--閉 (2)Transverse arytenoid (杓橫肌)--閉 (3)Posterior cricoarytenoid (環杓後肌)--開 音調的高低 (決定頻率的高 低) (4)cricothyroid (環 甲肌) 緊 高音 (5)thyroarytenoid ( 甲杓肌) 鬆 低 音 (6)vocalis (聲帶肌) 可緊／鬆 會厭軟骨的關閉 (吞嚥反射, 保護 喉) (7)Thyroepiglottic m. (甲狀會厭肌) (8)Oblique arytenoid (杓斜肌) (9)Aryepiglottic m. ( 杓會厭肌)

鼻腔的解剖—sagittal section

口腔上部—軟腭及硬腭 =palatoglossal arch(腭舌弓) =palatopharyngeal arch(腭咽弓)

Greater palatine a. from maxillary a. Lesser palatine a Greater Palatine n. from V 2 Lesser palatine n.

Muscles of the tongue • Extrinsic muscles(4條舌外在肌, 除 了palatoglossus外, 其餘由CN. XII 支配) – Styloglossus (莖突舌肌) – Palatoglossus (腭舌肌) – Hyoglossus (舌骨舌肌) – Genioglossus (頦舌肌) • Origin (bone), Insertion(舌) • 舌 occipital myotome(枕肌節) CN. XII (hypoglossal nerve舌下神經) • 腭 4 th咽弓 CN. X Palatoglossus • CN. X支配

Lingual a. Submandibular duct Lingual n.