Pharmacy in Public Health Community Health Course date

Pharmacy in Public Health: Community Health Course, date, etc. info

Learning Outcomes • Recognize the characteristics of community health • Describe a framework for obtaining data on community health • Describe the SOAPE framework • Identify task roles that facilitate teamwork • Identify management issues when working in a community group

Community Health Based on the belief that: • A community can create surroundings that promote health and prevent disease • Local residents, including health professionals, can engage in actions that will improve the health of all residents of the community

Characteristics of Community Health • Focus on: – The health of the population – Health promotion and disease prevention – Creation of a healthy environment – The health of all residents – Using limited resources effectively to promote health • Involves collaboration among residents

Community Assessment Wheel

SOAPE Framework: Individual vs. Community

Subjective Data • Key informants – Anyone who is a stakeholder – Anyone with knowledge of the issue including health professionals and lay residents • Opinion survey – Systematic collection of opinion data from interviews of community members – Number of interviews depends on resources and health topic being investigated

Example questions for opinion survey

Objective Data • Observational data – Obtained from visual examination of the community – Provides contextual information • Secondary data – Data already collected that provides information on the population or community subsystems

General Community Survey (Source revised “Learning about the community on foot, ” which incorporates all aspects of the assessment wheel from Anderson ET, Mc. Farlane JM, Community as Partner: Theory and Practice in Nursing, 5 e. Phila. , PA: J. B. Lippincott; 2008: 172 -4. )

Community Survey cont’d

Community Survey cont’d

Community Survey: Perceptions

Assessment • Data analysis—interview data • Ranking community health issues • Data interpretation

Analyze Data

Priority Health Issue

Planning and Implementation • Planning – Identify the resources required – Identify participant responsibilities • Implementation – The activities required to accomplish the goal – Typically involves coordination and organization

Evaluation • Process measures – What worked well and what didn’t – Brief questionnaire or discussion at the next meeting • Outcome measures – Did the intervention accomplish its goal? – Collect data (number of people using service, number of brochures distributed, etc. )

Skill Working in Groups is Needed for Community Health

Collaboration in a Community Group • Productive collaboration means working together to collect data, analyze the data, identify priority health issues, and agree on an intervention; group work is facilitated if: – Participants know what type of roles they need to fulfill as a member of a group – Procedures for conducting group meetings are established

Task Roles Required for Effective Collaboration

Task Roles, cont’d.

Management Phase I

Management Phase II

Management Phases III, IV, & V

Summary: Community Health • Community health is focused on a population, health promotion and disease prevention, and on assuring that surroundings promote health • The community is described as consisting of 8 subsystems plus the population • SOAPE process can be used to guide the assessment process

Summary: Collaboration and Management • Task roles—Knowledge of task roles are required for productive group work • Group work in community health requires substantial process management to guide the group through the five phases