Pharmacokinetics a route of administration b absorption and

Pharmacokinetics a. route of administration b. absorption and elimination Pharmacodynamics a. dose-effect curve b. therapeutic index c. ligand binding d. agonist vs. antagonist e. neurotransmitter systems

Pharmacokinetics a. route of administration b. absorption and elimination Pharmacodynamics a. dose-effect curve b. therapeutic index c. ligand binding d. agonist vs. antagonist e. neurotransmitter systems

Routes of Administration a. oral easy self-administration prolonged effect stomach distress some drugs not orally effective b. topical applied only to needed area poor absorption c. rectal infants and unconscious adults variable absorption d. inhalation rapid onset/offset irritation e. injection rapid onset good control of dosage requires sterile conditions

Injection Route a. Intravenous (i. v. )- into vein b. Subcutaneous (s. c. )- under skin c. Intraperitoneal (i. p. )- into peritoneal cavity d. Intracerebroventricular (i. c. v. )- into cerebral ventricle e. Intrathecal- into spinal fluid f. Epidural- into space that surrounds the dura of spinal cord g. Intramuscular (i. m. )- into muscle

Pharmacokinetics a. route of administration b. absorption and elimination Pharmacodynamics a. dose-effect curve b. therapeutic index c. ligand binding d. agonist vs. antagonist e. neurotransmitter systems

Pharmacokinetics a. route of administration b. absorption and elimination Pharmacodynamics a. dose-effect curve b. therapeutic index c. ligand binding d. agonist vs. antagonist e. neurotransmitter systems

Comparing Dose-Effect Curves Drug A Drug B % of Maximal Effect Drug C [Drug]

Pharmacokinetics a. route of administration b. absorption and elimination Pharmacodynamics a. dose-effect curve b. therapeutic index c. ligand binding d. agonist vs. antagonist e. neurotransmitter systems

Pharmacokinetics a. route of administration b. absorption and elimination Pharmacodynamics a. dose-effect curve b. therapeutic index c. ligand binding d. agonist vs. antagonist e. neurotransmitter systems

Saturation

Scatchard plot

RECEPTOR-LIGAND BINDING • Must be saturable • Must be reversible • Must be specific • If it is a receptor, there must be a biological effect

Pharmacokinetics a. route of administration b. absorption and elimination Pharmacodynamics a. dose-effect curve b. therapeutic index c. ligand binding d. agonist vs. antagonist e. neurotransmitter systems

% Maximum Effect [Drug]

Agonist + competitive antagonist % of Maximal Effect Agonist + non-competitive antagonist [Drug]

Pharmacokinetics a. route of administration b. absorption and elimination Pharmacodynamics a. dose-effect curve b. therapeutic index c. ligand binding d. agonist vs. antagonist e. neurotransmitter systems

NEUROTRANSMITTER CRITERIA • Must be localized in neuron • Must be released with stimulation • Must be mimicked with exogenous application • Must be pharmacologically active at receptor